Investigating Recruitment And Selection At Starbucks Commerce Essay

investigating enlisting And Selection At Starbucks Commerce EssayThis report depart imply on the discussion between home(a) and external enlisting, as well as the methods and characters world consumptiond gener altogethery which involves the advantages and disadvantages of having to recruit johndidates both ways. Furthermore, discussions ar made between two brasss that is chosen by our convention on how they do their recruitment and what conflicts they face in doing so.What is recruitment?Recruitment is a process of identifying and hiring the best- qualified deposedidate for the stage product line vacancy or for the function job, this whitethorn either come from deep down the transcription or outside of the organization.Why an organization does need to recruit?Basically, an organization necessitate to recruit due to vacancies that leave aloneing be needed to be employed by new applicants or candidates with the right skill for the certain job available.Why do v acancies top within an organization?In general, vacancies find due to certain circumstances, firstly, when a person is being recruited for a vacancy, the virtually likely needed to work as, can be either, temporarily or permanently. Also, due to economical crisis which is currently happening in many organization, furthermore, applicants are needed to be newly recruited because of maternity leaves, paternity leaves or if adept of the employees may be suffering from an illness for quite a yen time, to do so, they pull up stakes need someone to cover the empty site in an organization. This will occur as part of a unpredictable contract. Sometimes, vacancies occur due expansions of organization where they will need additional employees provided with resources and trainings, as well as employees may suddenly change jobs for the better of salary, benefits being offered or just simply because of the extra work that are being handed to them. In addition to the reasons of vacancie s, may include retirements.Types of recruitments and its methods.There are two main types on how to recruit an applicant, such as ingrained recruitment and external recruitment. internecine recruitment is a method of hiring an employee from within the organization itself, which will include the slaming of the required skills that will be needed for the certain job they will be recruited for, and also they already know the organization that they are functional for, particularly if its training and evolution program is effective. In other words, where quick employees are selected rather than employing from outside. privileged vacancies are usually advertised within the business via a strain of media, this consists, the use of verbal advertisement within the organization (word of mouth), module broadsheet boards, meetings, in-house magazine or newsletter or intranets. away recruitment is a method of hiring candidates for the right job. It is when the new applicant comes from outside of the organization. Frequently, most business engages on this method of recruiting, particularly those that are growing strongly or that operate in industries with high school turnovers. Fortunately, its sources enables them for recruiting a candidate from outside, like, referrals or existing contacts, career service which registers high number of applicants, employment or recruitment agencies who are change in recruitment and selection, helping candidates to look for a job and also be connected with a number of companies, which as well often supply interim employees. In particular, they even use the source on Headhunters or recruitment consultancies, who provides a more specialized approach to the recruitment of employees and or senior management, and rather approach on individuals with a good reputation instead of relying on long lists of applicants. However, this source is costly. Also, external recruitment includes the sources of using internet and advertisement, exam ple, classified ads, magazines, posters, etc.Advantages and disadvantages of internal recruitment and external recruitment.First of all, internal recruitment process is little time- consuming into recruiting and not expensive. Also, itll be easier in such a way, that the organization will not give up any difficulties to have a primer coat check, and train the applicants as they are known on what capability they can present at the said(prenominal) time, they already know the organization theyre working in. in addition, it gives the existing employees to advance their career in the business, helps to retain staff who might otherwise leave, reduces the risk of selecting an appropriate candidate and even have the chance of motorting promoted. Also there will only be smaller number of applicants. However, there are likely to have a limited number of applicants for the job and another vacancy will be created that has to resideed, therefore another recruitment plan has to be planned to fill another vacancy. Furthermore, there will also be a nonstarter in generating new ideas.In contrast, the advantages of external recruitment is that it has wider audience that can be reached out which also increases the chance that the business will be able to recruit applicants with the required skills for the job, and helps to generate new ideas. However, this process will likely to be time- consuming. This is as well expensive due to the sources that they will be using, example employment and recruitment agencies it is not a blow% ideal method because normally it will cost the organization cash and even charge the candidate as well as the bon ton that can be equal to the sum of his/her salary and another disadvantage, is not being definite with the qualifications that will be needed for the position that is applicable, lastly, they will not be considerate enough.Starbucks coffee allianceStarbucks coffee company is an international coffee and coffeehouse chain which was founded in Seattle, Washington on 1971. It is the largest coffeehouse in the world.Recruitment methods of Starbucks- Internal and ExternalInternal MethodsStarbucks uses these methods of recruiting internallyIntranetStarbucks announces its company vacancies by the website wherein only the staff and employees can introduction and look-up.stave meetingsThese usually consist of the managers and supervisors organizing a meeting wherein they select the right employee for the right job internally.Career DevelopmentIt is a method wherein staffs can get promoted to a higher level in the company. This usually uses the method of recommendation.External MethodsAdvertisementStarbucks usually put up ads in the newspaper or posters in their shops to attract candidates to apply for the company.InternetWith its world wide web, populate all around the world would be a able to access Starbucks site and find if there are any vacancy available. intelligence operation of mouthAs staffs from the compa ny may refer the vacancies available through friends and peers which are legible to apply for the position.RSA ( august Sun Alliance Insurance Company) proud and Sun Alliance Group is an insurance company which was founded on 1996 in London, England, UK which is still their headquarters up to date. It is a joint venture of Royal Insurance and the other Sun alliance. It is Britains leading insurance company.Recruitment methods of RSA- Internal and ExternalInternal MethodsRSA uses these methods of recruiting internallyInternal vacancy announcementWhen vacancies occur managers or supervisors tend to announce the position that is available to the employees.Promotions within sectionAn applicant from a certain department of a company may be promoted to a higher level of work.Bulletin boardsAlmost the same as the internal announcement, here vacancies are posted to bulletin boards for when employees mutter by they would see the notice.Internal electronic mailsAs for RSA they use internal email which they call Lotus notes. Here every employee of the company receives emails as to which vacant positions are open or available.External MethodsRSA uses the methods of recruiting externallyAdvertisement in paperAdvertising in the newspaper is one of the best recruitment methods there is. People read the news papers and would see the advertisement of the company and if interested they would send their application.AgenciesRSA also uses the method of contacting agencies.Company websiteIn the companys website, nation who visit this site would see what job vacancies those are available. closeIn our opinion, nowadays, recruitment plays a vital role in ones organization and company. Searching, Attracting, and employing may take a lot of process but all this hard work in searching for the best candidate may lead to the success of the organization. Recruiting internally and externally may have polar ways, but both have the same goal, that is to fill the spot or vacancy that the c ompany has put up. In other words, we have conditioned that its a mandatory in every organizations. Furthermore, enabling us to know the possible outcomes and conflicts between internal and external recruitment. Henceforth, without this process in an organization, their organization will not be able to grow and produce high quality work.BibliographyStarbucks Coffee Companyhttp//www.peerpapers.com/essays/Environmental-Mission-Vision-Values-Starbucks-Corporation/119728.html?topichttp//www.helium.com/items/1738974-internal-external-recruitment-company-employees-experience-knowledge-retentionRecruitmenthttp//www.tutor2u.net/business/people/recruitment_internal.asphttp//www.tutor2u.net/business/people/recruitment_external.asphttp//www.hrmadvice.com/hrmadvice/hr-processes/recruitment-and-selection/internal-or-external-recruitment.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RecruitmentRSA (Royal and Sun Alliance Insurance Company)http//www.rsadirect.ae

History Of Crime And Punishment

History Of integrity-breaking And penalisation law-breaking is defined as an deed of conveyance that the law makes punishable and is often called an wickedness. It is an offensive activity against the public, as compared to a tort, which is a wrongdoing against an undivided and gives rise to an follow up for damages. Crimes produce dickens kinds of injuries Social and personalised. Social psychic trauma pertains to the pass on and it is repaired through the imposition of punishablety prescribed by law, and Personal injury pertains to the offended party and it is repaired by indemnification which is obliging in nature. It is precisely because of these deleterious effects that the defer is empowered to make penal laws and compel its throng to follow them in order to maintain peace.Crime has been in existence for a long time, although it was not called as much(prenominal). In the Bible, Adam and Eve disob mettled the Lord by eating the fruit of the channelise of knowle dge despite an express prohibition to do so. Some may regard what they did as a crime, although against a different being. Biblical passages ground in the counterbalance five books of the bible, collectively called Torah, puzzle referred to the principle of an eye for an eye as al-Qaida of the imposition of penalty.The earliest codified cause of crimes or abuses with corresponding penalisation was the Code of Ur-Nammu dating back in 2050 BC. It was written in the Sumerian language and contained a be given of require acts with their corresponding penalty if violated. The Code had provisions on dismissal establish on corruption, protection of the poor, and significantly, a constitution of penalty wherein the punishment for the crime attached is fair. Its name, Ur-Nammus Code, is actually a misnomer, because historians are of the opinion that his son, Shugli, is the actual originator of the Code.In 1700 BC the Babylonian King, Hammurabi developed a write in code of laws with the principle, lex talionis (which literally means the law of retaliation), which was called the Hammurabis Code. This principle enshrined in ancient law, simply means that the offended party may return the aforesaid(prenominal) offending action to the origin of much(prenominal) act. For instance a person from maven kin kills a member of an some opposite(a) tribe the law allows the imposition of the same and equal penalty to the offending party, which means the offender shall be couch to final stage. Lex talionis embodies the principle of exact retaliation. The penalty for the violation of the code was cruel, barbaric and inhumane. larceny was punished by cutting off a finger or the hand. The tongue was cut off if a person commits defamation. The judiciary is headed by a single person or a group of persons deciding on a case, not on merit or law, barely on the basis of customs and tradition. In several(prenominal) cases, an acc utilise was make to dive in the River Euphrates to find out if he is innocent or not. If the offender floats, it means he is innocent, therefore, he forecloses his house and the accuser is put to shoemakers last. However, if he drowns, it means that he is guilty and the accuser gets his house.In Ancient Greece, the penal law is described as being draconian, derived from Draco, the first Greek legislator. Laws were singled out as being merciless. Capital punishment or death was oblige for crimes, in time for minor aversions. Ancient Rome had offered a to a greater extent systematic system than Ancient Greece. However, the basis of penalty remained to be retribution and it was made incumbent upon the victims family to serve such punishment.Philippine SettingA system of governing was already in place before the Spaniard conquered the Philippines in 1565. It was called barangay which came from the Malay intelligence balangay which in turn meant boat. Why it was named as such is not clear, however, some historians op ine thatIt may be inferred that the seafaring Filipinos, to give name to their wishful memories as they sailed in the high seas towards the Philippine archipelago, named their villages after boats which brought them safely across the seas until they reached the Philippine Islands.The Datu was the head of the barangay. If the community was bigger, their leaders were called Rajahs. The Datu exercised Executive, Legislative and Judicial powers. homogeneous today, both Oral and Written Laws existed. Historians had ordinaryly agreed, that the first codified label of laws in the Philippines is the Code of Kalantiyaw dating back from 1433, written by Datu Kalantiyaw. kinda of the word law, it consisted of the following ordersFirst Order. Ye shall not kill neither shall ye do harm to the aged lest ye incur the danger of death. whole those who dis obey shall be condemned to death by being drowned in the river or placed in boiling water.Second Order Ye shall obey let all your debts wit h the foreland be met punctually. He who does not obey shall receive for the first star hundred lashes. If the debt is large, he shall be condemned to thrust his hand in thrice into boiling water. For the second time, he shall be condemned to be beaten to death. trine Order. Ye shall obey let no one have women that are truly unfledged nor more(prenominal)(prenominal) than he can support nor be tending(p) to inordinate proneness. He who shall not follow this order shall be condemned to blow for three hours for the first time, and for the second time, he shall be lacerated with thorns. 4th Order. Observe and obey let no one disturb the soundless of the graves. When passing by the caves and trees where they are, give notice to them. He who does not shape up this shall be killed by ants, or beaten to death with thorns.Fifth Order. You shall obey he who exchanges for food, let it be always make in agreement with his word. He who does not comply, shall be beaten for one ho ur, he who repeats the dis assess shall be exposed for one day among ants.Sixth Order. You shall be have to revere sights that are held in respect, such as those of trees of recognized expenditure and other sights. He who fails to comply shall pay with one months work in gold or in honey.Seventh Order. These shall be put to death he who kills trees of venerable appearance who shoot arrows at night at old men and women he who enters the houses of the headmen without permission he who kills a chisel or a streaked cayman.Eighth Order. Sla genuinely for a doam (a definite period of time) shall be stand outed by those who steal away the women of the headmen by him who financial backing ill-tempered dogs that bite the headmen by him who burns the fields of another.Ninth Order. All these shall be beaten for ii days who sing while travel by night kill the Manaul tear the documents belonging to the headmen are vixenish liars or who mock the dead.Tenth Order. It is decreed an obliga tion that every stick teach secretly to her daughters matters pertaining to lust and prepare them for womanhood let not men be cruel nor punish their women when they catch them in the act of adultery. Whoever shall disobey shall be killed by being cut to pieces and thrown to the caymans. ordinal Order. These shall be burned who by their strength or cunning have mocked at and escaped punishment or who have killed young boys or try to steal away the women of the elders.Twelfth Order. These shall be drowned all who step in with their superiors, or their owners or masters all those who abuse themselves through their lust those who destroy their anitos (religious icons) by breaking them or throwing them down.Thirteenth Order. All these shall be exposed to ants for half a day who kill black cats during a new moon or steal anything from the chiefs or agorangs, however teensy-weensy the object may be.Fourteenth Order. These shall be made slave for demeanor who have beautiful daughters an d deny them to the sons of chiefs, and with bad faith hide them away. ordinal Order. Concerning beliefs and traditions these shall be beaten who eat the diseased flesh of beasts which they hold in respect, or the herb which they consider favourable, who wound or kill the young of theManaul, or the white monkey.Sixteenth Order. The fingers shall be cut-off of all those who break anitos of timber and clay in their alangans and temples of those who destroy the daggers of the catalonans(priest/priestess), or break the drinking jars of the latter. ordinal Order. These shall be killed who profane sites where anitos are kept, and sites where are buried the sacred things of their diwatas and headmen. He who performs his necessities in those places shall be burned.Eighteenth Order. Those who do not cause these rules to be obeyed if they are headmen, they shall be put to death by being kill and crushed and if they are agorangs they shall be placed in rivers to be eaten by sharks and cayman s.1433.Despite Historians belief that the Kalantiyaw was the first codified set of laws in the Philippines, in 1968, William Henry Scott, proved that it was a forgery actually made in the 20th Century. However, such fact notwithstanding, there is a consensus among them that the ancient penal laws were similar to what was allegedly written by Kalantiyaw, if not the same, cruel, inhumane and barbaric. punishment was disproportionate to the crime committed. Disputes, whether criminal or civil, were settled either by the head of the barangay, the council of elders or through arbitration. The ancient principle of lex talionis, which had a very shorten definition of, an eye for an eye, was very much alive in the early history of the Philippines, very much like in the other parts of the valet de chambre at that time.Being a colony of Spain for more than three hundred years, the laws of the Philippines are combination of common and civil laws, which were a product of the lengthy period wi thin which the country was under the Spanish regime. Political and commercial laws follow a common law direction, and, civil and criminal laws, follow the civil law.Although long before the Spaniards came, the Philippines had a judiciary, headed by the datu, it was the conquerors who gave as an organized system. The Royal Audencia was established to function as the exacting Court during the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines, which had the power to settle controversies, and to check the abuses of the governor General in the Philippines. On the side of the law, the Spanish Codigo punishable was widen to the Philippines by virtue of Royal Decree of 1870. This was eventually replaced with the Spanish punishable Code of 1848, by the Comision Codificadora de las Provincias de Ultramar, which was put in place by Spanish authorities, and took effect in the Philippines in July 14, 1876. The Spanish penal Code contained two important innovations, which our old penal system did not have incarceration, as a form of punishment, and parole, as a form of reward for effective behaviour while incarcerated.Incarceration or imprisonment is the closely germane(predicate) innovation that the Spanish colonizers introduced in our penal system. It was used to detain a person under suspicion of committing a crime, and to punish, incapacitate the offender, deter from committing an offense or rehabilitate him, upon conviction. Incarceration replaced the barbaric and inhumane penalties of olden times. The chief city punishment, however, remained in the penal system, but was reserved for the most gruesome crimes, such as murder.The Spanish punishable Code remained in effect during the American colonization of the Philippines. However, seeing the need for penal law change, authorities form a Committee on Revision, the master(a) function of which was to revise the Penal Code put in place by the Spaniards. The 1927 Commission on Revision headed by Anacleto Diaz, Quintin PAred es, Guilermo Guevara, Alex Reyes and Mariano de Joya, as members. The Committee build the revised code on the Spanish Penal Code of 1848. On December 8, 1930, affect No. 3815 or the rewrite Penal Code of the Philippines took effect however, it did not undergo important change of orientation or structure. The revise Penal Code remain in effect today, with substantially the same list of crimes and same fines, as the Spanish Penal Code of 1870.PunishmentPunishment is an allowed and a desired form of accessible control, provided that it complies with the basic limitations provided for by municipal laws and relevant internationalistic laws. It is allowed to be imposed to preserve social order, which re manifests that raise of peace and tranquillity, where individuals and groups are in keeping with the overall scheme, lending predictability to social institutions. More, importantly punishment is imposed to achieve nicety.Ancient civilizations have based their concept of justice, in the first place, on vengeance, retribution, and compensation. Punishment moldiness be equal to the offense committed, such that if a person kills another, he shall be put to death as punishment for his crime.Punishment is imposed for various reasons, such as to avenge the wrong doing against the offender, to instil fear in penalty if an offense is committed, to incapacitate the offender by keeping him detained so that he exit not do any more crimes and, lastly, to reform the offender by individualizing his penalty which will, hopefully, lead to rehabilitation. These are the four philosophies of Punishment Retribution, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Rehabilitation, respectively. In most parts of the world, retribution is the primary justification in imposing penalties. However, with the change magnitude respect for human dignity, recuperative justice is gaining speed.Following the Enlightenment period, the time value of human dignity surfaced. Immanuel Kant had said that not e verything mustiness be depart(p) by value, dignity he says is the absoluteinner value. The rising immensity and awareness of human dignity resulted in the reduction of severe punishment infliction and paved way for the more modern systems of punishment such as incarceration and payment of fines for most minor offenses.The new millenary brought about divergent views on criminology. German philosopher Frederick Nietzsche in his book, The Birth of Tragedy, said, Mans highest good must be bought with a crime and paid for by the alluvion of grief and suffering which the offended divinities visit upon the human race in its noble ambition.Following the rise of criminology, many different views on punishment and its bases arose. In the 20th century, French philosopher and historian, Michel Foucault in his book, Discipline and Punish, made a see of criminalization or punishment as a coercive method of state control. He said that there are two types of punishment Monarchical and Discipl inary. He said in his work that the invention of penalty was an indefinite one, the problematization of the criminal behind his crime, the concern with a punishment that is a field of study, a therapy, a normalization, the division of the act of judgement among various authorities that are supposed to measure, assess, diagnose, cure, transform individuals. According to Focault, this more modern concept of penalty being a form of correction is one of the bases of penalty.In modern times, punishment is said to be imposed for the purposes of Retribution, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Rehabilitation.Retribution has gone a long from its ancient and very narrow definition of an eye for an eye. Such principle had since then evolved to mean, symmetricalness of the penalty to the gravity of the offense committed. The imposition of punishment is also seen as a deterrence in committing crimes. It is believed that by imposing a penalty for a wrongdoing, other people will not be committing crimes because of fear of having to suffer punishment. Incapacitation, on the other hand, means lessening the likelihood of the offender perpetrating an offense so you commit him in an institution. Lastly, rehabilitation is said to be one of the rationale behind the imposition of penalty. By rehabilitation it is meant that punishment must be used as an opportunity to make some confirming change in the offender.Amongst the four philosophies behind the imposition of punishment, retribution is the most common justification in the imposition of penalty. Majority of the countries in the world adhere, primarily, to vindicatory justice, such as the Philippines, wherein retributive justice is the norm. However, due to increase concern for human dignity, restorative justice is gaining commonplaceity. In fact the present composing recognizes the need to preserve human dignity, thusSection 11. The evoke values the dignity of every human personand guarantees full respect for human rights.T he Philippines has, likewise, adhered to such principle, imminent from its more recent legislation such as the teenaged Justice and Welfare Act of 2006, which explicitly provided for restorative justice principle.The imposition of punishment is brought about by the mandate in the constitution which providesSection 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.In order to maintain peace and order within the territory, the State is empowered to make laws. However, such authority is not unbridled because the Constitution itself provides for a proscription on the imposition of cruel and unusual penalties, uppity fines and passing of an ex-post facto law. The same proscriptions are mirrored in the United Nations universal Declaration on Human Rights, International Covenant on accomplished and Political Rights, and Convention again st Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or degrading Treatment or Punishment, to which the Philippines adhere to. justificatory justice vis-a-vis renewing justiceRetributive justice has been the primary justification of imposing punishment in most countries. It pertains to the old adage let the punishment fit the crime made popular by Cesario Beccaria or to the more popular an eye for an eye, the dominant principle during the ancient times. Retributive Justice deals with proportionality of the crime to the penalty to be imposed upon an offender. tonic water Justice, on the other hand, deals with individualizing the penalty given to a wrongdoer, keeping in mind that something must be done for the offender in order to reform him and keep him from doing crimes and to effectively reintegrate him to society. Rehabilitation, reformation and reintegration are basic premises. The rising worry on soda justice is brought about by the increased valuation and respect for human dignity.The funda mental premise in a retributive paradigm is that crimes are injuries against the state, while restorative justice emphasizes that crimes are more than offenses against the state, but primarily are violations against people and relationships. In the retributive model, a determination of blame and administration of blame is involved. On the other hand, in restorative justice, the interested parties, namely the offender, offended party and the community, action, reconciliation and reassurance.In retributive system, determination about whether a crime was committed, who did it and how should he be punished are the basic questions. It focuses on the offender and the crime that was committed and the penalty that the state must impose. Similarly, restorative justice is concerned with accountability, albeit primarily to the offended party and the community, and not to the State.Statement of the ProblemBetween the Retributive justice principles and Restorative justice paradigm, which is bett er suited for the Philippines? What is more in keeping with the general welfare? Which between retributive and restorative justice effectively addresses the value of human dignity despite it being a punishment? Consequently, will the new paradigm work, if there is indeed a shift from retributive paradigm to restorative justice?II. Objectives of the StudyThe object glass of this study is to re-examine the retributive justice theory as the primary justification of imposing penalty, in light of the constitutional obligation of the State in affording the utmost respect for human dignity and human rights.Also, this study aims to determine, by comparing their values and principles, which between Retributive Justice and Restorative Justice is a better fit, as basis of imposing penalty, in light of the constitutional provisions as well as international instruments to which the Philippines is a signatory.Lastly, to determine the effectivity of using Restorative Justice, as basis of penalty, by examining countries which have adapted its principles.III. Significance of the StudyThe re-examination of the philosophies of punishment substantiate in our penal laws will determine whether the current legal model complies with the changes in the relevant laws which it is dependent upon.Upon the determination of compliance or non-compliance, infallible penal law reforms may be suggested to best conform to the changes.IV. compass and LimitationsThe study will focus only on Retributive and Restorative Justice principles, concerning criminal matters only.The study will focus on the 1987 Constitution, specifically the provisions on the duty of the state to maintain peace and order, respect human dignity and proscription on cruel and unusual penalties and excessive an only and several fines, applicable penal laws , such as the Revised Penal Code, the Death Penalty Law, Indeterminate Sentence Law, Probation Law and Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, respectively.The study will make use of autocratic Court decisions, pronouncements which have touch upon Retributive and Restorative principles.To better perceive the development of Retributive and Restorative justice, the use of foreign materials, American order and International laws shall be extensively used.Non-legal books and other reference materials were utilized.V. Methodology/ brass of ThesisThe proponent primarily used the library in the Ateneo skipper Schools, the Rizal Library in the Loyola Schools, as well as that of the Miguel de Benavides Library of the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. Materials from the Internet were also used, as well as Academic Papers, Journals and legislative documents or papers. Interview with a reputable authority in twist law was also conducted.This thesis shall be organized by chapters.The first chapter shall be the introductory chapter, which contains the background, objectives and implication of the study, the scope and limitations, and the methodology or the a dministration of the thesis. The background provides a brief news of the factual milieu of the study, which is done by providing a historical background and the current state of things. The objectives and significance will catalogue what the proponent seeks to achieve and what impact it will bring to the society. The limitations will set forth the constraints and applicability of the study.The second chapter is fully employ to the purpose, scope, limitations, and sources of Criminal Law in the Philippines. A discussion of crime, punishment and the Revised Penal Code was also done.The third chapter contains an in depth discussion of the Retributive Justice Paradigm.The fourth chapter contains an examination of the Restorative Justice Philosophy.The twenty percent chapter contains the analysis of the author, after taking into consideration the relevant laws, international instruments and other material documents.Finally, chapter six contains the authors conclusion and recommendatio n.VI. Definition of TermsAs found in the study, the following shall meana. Code when used in a sentence shall pertain to the Revised Penal Code.b. Crime for the purposes of the discussion, crimes shall be used synonymously with felony or offense.c. Felony for the purposes of the discussion, felonies shall be used synonymously with offense or crime.d. Law when used in a sentence, it shall pertain to the Revised Penal Code.e. Offense for the purposes of the discussion, offenses shall be used synonymously with felony or crime.

Jesse Owens Biography

Jesse Owens Biography1936 The Olympic Games were being held in Berlin, Ger some(prenominal). Berlin was bombilate with excitement. The Nazi Party was currently in control at the cartridge holder. Hitler deemed that his double-dyed(a) line of achievement would dominate the games. Jesse Owens turn out him wrong. Beating some(prenominal) Nazis, he became angiotensin converting enzyme of the best runners in history. Jesses life leading up to his performance at the 1936 Olympic Games was a sticky one, being a sickly sister living in a poor family.On September 12, 1913, throng Cleveland Owens, named J.C later, was born on a conjure up in Oakville, Alabama to atomic number 1 and Mary Emma Owens. They were both creator slaves. He was the youngest of ten brothers and sisters. He grew up as a sickly child, constantly getting pneumonia and other illnesses. He had many other lung problems as good. In his daily life, he would get going on the farm and going to a small, one room sch ooltime house nine miles away from his home. When he was working on the farm he would help split up cotton out of the fields. He would pick about 100 pounds of cotton a day. This was hard on the childs lungs, and with his lung problems, this wasnt a good thing. When he was 10, his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio to find better work. This transition was hard for this family from the deep South. There, he worked character time at a cobblers hook and got to attend a real school. On the first day of school, he told the teacher that his name was J.C. She misunderstood his southern accent and though he said Jesse. He was to shy to correct her, so this is how his name came to be.By the time Jesse reached junior high, he was wise of the ways of the streets. There he met two people that would change the rest of his life. The first was Minnie Ruth Solomon, a young woman whose family had moved north from a farm in the south, in effect(p) like Jesses family had just done. As high schoolers, they both evil in love fast. The second was Charles Riley, the man who introduced Jesse to tag and field. He precept potential in him, even though he hadnt shown any peculiar(a) athletic ability. To help Jesse, Charles beefed up his diet to help build up his muscles and help his simmer down delicate legs. afterward this change in diet, Jesse strike his new jitney by running the 100- yard hie in 11 seconds, which was a remarkable time for a 15-year-old. After a while, Charles entered Jesse in other events, including the pine and high jump. During this time of Jesses success, the Great impression started. If not for his mother, Jesse would have had to leave school. But she insisted that he enroll at East Technical High School. Soon after Jesses enrollment, Charles Riley was hired as an assistant coach. Jesse continued to progress under Rileys coaching. He was named captain of the track and field team at his school and was elected as the assimilator body president. This was a huge accomplishment because he went to a preponderantly white school. This went on to show his outgoing personality and his athletic accomplishments. His accomplishments in high school were a pre-cursor to his success to come.In 1933 he entered Ohio convey University under an unofficial scholarship. To make up for the money he worked part time jobs, such as a night elevator operator, wield gas, worked in a library, and served as a page in the Ohio resignhouse. Jesse make his big appearance at the 1935 Big Ten meet in Michigan. The meet established his presence by finishing well in his events, winning three of his four. At the Big Ten Championship that may, he surprised people by breaking five world records and tying another, all in a span of 45 minutes. He close to didnt compete because of a sore back that he had because of a run into down a flight of stairs. He eventually convinced his coach to let him compete. To test his back, he ran the 100- meter dash. He ran an amazin g time of 9.3 seconds. That is where he became a national star. Three years before, Ruth Solomon, his currently to be wife, had given birth to a daughter. When Ruths parents, they wouldnt allow her to see Jesse. Although they lived apart, Jesse still sent money to help Ruth pay for their daughters needs. In July of 1935, he married Ruth Solomon in Cleveland. The following year, he was suspended from the Ohio State track and field for poor grades. He worked hard to raise his average, just in time for the spring. He went to the Olympic trials for the 1936 summer Olympics. He predominate the sprint events in that location and emerged on the top of the American police squad. Jesses amazing collegiate career was his introduction to the nation and the world and a sign of a soon to be great Olympian.The crowd roared with excitement as the opening ceremony of the 1936 Olympics games in Berlin began. With Adolf Hitler present, thousands of people stood and saluted the Nazi flag, showin g their patriotism for their motherland. Hitler claimed that the Indo-Aryan race was going to dominate the games, however Jesse proved that Hitlers perfect race wasnt so perfect after all. Though, Jesse couldnt have gone to these games if it hadnt been for the decision of the linked States Olympic Committee. As first, they were planning on boycotting the games because it might show com reposeer backup of the Nazi partys racial beliefs and anti- Semitic policies. Evidence was being presented that Jewish athletes were not being treated fairly. The decision was made by the Amateur acrobatic Union, the biggest non-profit organization in the nation that helps promote amateur athletics and sensible physical fitness. The group in favor of no boycott won by two and a half votes. That meant that there would be a squad going to the Olympic Games. So, at that very Olympic Games, Jesse Owens showed his superiority in track and field. At these games, he stood at 510 and weighed 165 lbs. In Berlin, he won his first gold medal in the 100- yard dash with a time of 10.3. He then went on to capture the long jump with a world record breaking distance of 26 feet 5 inches. During this event, an incident happened that al nigh had Jesse disqualified from the event. During his practice jump, the judges counted it as his first jump. The next jump he jumped over the line, cavictimization a fault on his part. Finally, on the last jump, he jumped his record- breaking leap, defeating his contest German Competition, Luz Long. After this event, Hitler refused to shake his hand after his win over Long. He then went on to go a record- shattering 20.7 in his 200- meter. He returned home a celebrity, hailed in open car parades and banquets. After the Olympics, Long and Owens became close friends for a long time. This relationship showed true sportsmanship that was to be showed at the games. Jesses Olympic experience not only showed his athletic ability, but he was also a voice for anti - racism saying that there was no dominant race.Jesses life after the Olympics was a very stilted time for him. Not only did he advertise for certain companies, he had jobs with certain associations. The things that he did after the Olympics earned him great sums of money. He talked at banquets, worked for endorsements, advertised, and much more. He was well known for talking to youth groups, passkey organizations, civic meetings, sports banquets, PTA, church organizations, brotherhood and black history programs, as well as high schools and college ceremonies. He also had many jobs. He was a public relation s representative and consultant to many corporations, including Atlantic Richfield, Ford, and the United States Olympic Committee. He went on tour as a leader of a 12- piece orchestra. He went barnstorming with basketball and baseball teams and put on running exhibitions. But, the greatest job that he loved or so was a playground director in Cleveland. He also worked with und erclass(prenominal) children there too as a board member and former director of the Chicago Boys Club. He eventually couldnt take the prolonged judicial separation from his family, so he decided to open a Laundromat in the area of his home. In 1940 he suffered a double major expiration when his mother died and the Internal Revenue Service got after him for back taxes. That forced him to close his business, lowering his income. Feeling bad for not working harder as a student, he was determined to go back to Ohio State to live a degree since the loss of his business. Even though he time-tested hard, it was to difficult for him and he quit after a year. When World fight II started he was hired by the government to organize physical- fitness programs. This helped him earn income after the fall of his company. After that, he took a self-coloured job with the Ford Motor Company in Detroit to look after the social need of thousands of black workers on the Ford payroll. After the war , he moved to Chicago with his family. He then when into the public relations business, using his still- famous personality for the use of a variety of companies. His job became a boost when the Associated Press named him the greatest track-and-field athlete in history in 1950. As the years passed, he watched in sadness as his records were skintn. He was a supporter of the black protest movement, but annoyed by it all at once. His still delicate lungs were still not prop up, and on March 31, 1980, James Cleveland Owens died of lung cancer.Jesse Owens is said to have been one of the most accomplished and astounding runner in history. He beat many German athletes, proving that the Hitlers perfect race was not perfect. He took the lead for many generations of athletes to come to work for you want and do not give up. The Berlin Olympics broke the popular idea of society that there is race that is dominant over another and that to do something successful, you must be one race. Jesse Owe ns was the man that proved society wrong.

Innocent Drink Analysis | SWOT and PESTEL

complimentary Drink depth psychology drum and PESTEL1. Introduction This report sh each analyse clear Drinks, which has been cited as one of the spicy-velocity emergence British companies on record (Phelvin and Wallop, 2008 Reynolds, 2013). This shall be done by giving a brief everywhereview of the guiltless Drinks, carrying out(p) a plodding abridgment in bless to determine its prospects and potential challenges, as rise(p) as conducting a PESTEL analysis in order to determine the touch on its sundry(a) environments sacrifice had and willing possibly have in the future. A cultural analysis shall as healthful as be performed, as market-gardening has been be to have an lure on a come withs work (Kotter and Heskett, 1992). Based on these analyses, recommendations for frank Drinks shall be suggested and conclusions drawn. 2. Overview unbiased Drinks was founded in 1999 by a group of three friends Adam Balon, Richard Reed and Jon Wright avocation a positiv e reception to the gross sales of their smoothies at a music fiesta ( naive Drinks, 2014a Rubin, 2010). It has grown since then from its small start as a outdoor stage set up at the Jazz on Green feast in capital of the fall in Kingdom to become Europes best sell smoothie, with its convergences being sold in several European deliberateries, a revenue enhancement of everyplace 213.5 million as of 2012, and a consistent step-up in foodstuff sh atomic number 18 oer the twelvemonths ( naive Drinks, 2014a Reynolds, 2013 Rubin, 2010). Its mission is to make it comfortable for people to do themselves some favorable and that doing so should taste good too (Rubin, 2010, p. 1). Its determine are to be natural, entrepreneurial, responsible, commercial and generous ( impoverished Drinks, 2014d). The needy promise is that it tastes good does good, and this is fulfilled through its utilise of dainty healthy products which are sustainably sourced, and through giving 10% of all i ts wage to charity ( frank Drinks, 2014c, n.p.). The confederations product range is divided into cardinal categories smoothies, juices, kids products (including kids drinks and return tubes), and foods ( transparent Drinks, 2014b). 3. bone Analysis The SWOT analysis below highlights the strengths and gutlessnesses of sincere Drinks, as good as the opportunities available to the company and the potential threats it could face. Strengths inexperienced person Drinks has experienced starchy consistent growth over the past years. jibe to Reynolds (2013), Britvic Soft Drinks describe that sinless Drinks was one of 2013s big winners, with a growth in its annual value sales by more than 35%. It was excessively a sponsor of the London 2012 Olympics, and following this, its sales glitz experienced a signifi locoweedt increase of more than 60%. It also has a wide range of products and is infinitely increases the number of products in its range (OReilly, 2014), and this expandi ng upon strategy helps increase its client base and sales volume. Its recent alliance with Coca-Cola, which involved Coca-Cola buying the majority of its shares, has also enabled it to leverage on Coca-Colas marketing, buying and media power, as well as its wealth of experience and available capital. It was also through this partnership that it was able to become the official smoothie of the Olympics (Neate, 2013). Innocent Drinks has also won several awards, including an award from the Healthy fodder Guide in 2011 for its Caribbean veg pot, other from the World Juice Award in 2011 for the best new product (its Apple Juice), and a nonher for best advancement (for its carafe), discordant awards from the Brand inclination of an orbit Buzz, CoolBrands Award, and the Grocer Gold Awards (Innocent Drinks, 2014e). These awards greatly enhance chump awareness and customer perception. It is also seen as a company with ironlike estimable values, and topped the list of kindly Brands in 2012 (Innocent Drinks, 2014e). This is also very beneficial for the company, beca white plague strong ethics and environmentally-friendly policies and actions asshole be a source of reputational, financial and matched favour for companies (Markley and Davis, 2007). The ideas, skills, commitment and dedication of the founders as well as the staff of the company is also a key strength of Innocent Drinks, and is one of the reasons lavatory its growth and expansion over the years.WeaknessesInnocent Drinks is put away a growing brand, and has relatively less visibility than other takings juice brands. It also faces strong controversy from Tropi washbowla Products, a division of PepsiCo which is more popular, being the UKs number one juice brand. When PepsiCo launched its smoothies range in 2008, Richard Reed, one of Innocent Drinks founders, stated that their competitor is regarded as one of the most ferociously competitive on the planet. They have launched smoothies this yea r and we are their target (Sibun, 2008, n.p.). Tropicana also has the utility of 60 years of experience in reaping selection and smooth blends (PepsiCo, n.d., p.1). Innocent Drinks prices are also higher than that of other brands, and this can frustrate some segments of the market from purchasing their products, and also give competitors an upper hand. Additionally, thither have been criticisms regarding its ethical claims (Phelvin and Wallop, 2008 Sibun, 2008). Furthermore, Innocent Drinks major market is the United Kingdom, and the strong reliance on this market leaves it susceptible to economic as well as other challenges face by this market. Although it has expanded across Europe, its expansion was reported as an expensive finale, with the company recording big losses from 2008 to 2011 following the expansion (Anderson, 2012, p. 1).OpportunitiesA growing interest in healthy eating and healthy lifestyles in general and campaigns much(prenominal) as the five a day campaign enter significant opportunities from Innocent Drinks, particularly as their products are mainly made from fruits and vegetables (Bainbridge, 2013 Briggs, 2014). Bainbridge (2013) notes that as fruit juices and smoothies count towards the target of consuming 5 fruit and vegetable portions a day, they create a marketable health benefit. The fruit juice and smoothies market is also a popular and mature one, with a study by Marketing Week revealing that 88% of respondents had drank fruit juice or smoothies within the previous six months (Bainbridge, 2013). Bainbridge (2013) also notes that growths in the demographic (families, ABC1s and 16-34 year olds) which are above- add up consumers of such drinks also lend support to the growth of this persistence in general.ThreatsReynolds (2013) reports that increases in raw material prices have particularly alter the juice industry. Climate change bangs can also have a considerable impact on the supply of fruit, which in turn can affect In nocent Drinks juice and smoothie work. Barron (2009, p. 2) notes that Innocent Drinks has been made more and more aware of extreme weather conditions such as higher than average temperatures, drought and hurricanes. These seriously affect its ability to, and ease of, sourcing particular fruits. there have also been questions regarding the purported health benefits of its juices and smoothies, and these doubts can have an impact on customer perception and sales volumes if not in effect addressed (Hodgekiss, 2013 Mintel, 2010). The randomness from this SWOT analysis, as well as the PESTEL analysis below, shall subsequently be used as a basis for recommendations for Innocent Drinks. 4. PESTEL Analysis And Analysis Of Innocent Drinks Competition The PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) framework is framework for analysing the macro environment in which an organisation operates. Analysing an environment using this framework enables an organisat ion to identify, rede and adapt to relevant external factors, and to plan for any effects environmental trends can have on its strategies and activities (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2012). PoliticalPolitical factors which affect Innocent Drinks acknowledge rulings and guidelines by the Department of Health, the Advertising Standards Authority, Trading Standards and the Office of bonny Trading. For instance, the Department of Health changed the 5-a-day guidelines to allow smoothies which contain all edible move of the fruit used, or which contain 100% pure juice to count as two portions of the 5-a-day (The Telegraph, 2009). The guidelines by these bodes also affect even plainly minor details. For instance, Innocent Drinks had to fight with trading standards when it wanted to change use by to enjoy by on its products, as part of the moving picture they aimed to depict (Gubbay, 2011).EconomicThere are several economic factors which influence Innocent Drinks. These complica te the economic situation in the countries it operates in, particularly United Kingdom as well as some European countries, tax revenue policies, and other market and industry factors. For instance, Levy (2011, n.p.) reports that smoothie sales swing by a third as they were deemed too expensive for credit-crunched Brits. The Food and Drink innovation Network (FDIN) (2010) also report that following the recession, Innocent Drinks suffered significantly, with the sales of its smoothies falling by 29% in 2008 and 2009.SocialSocial factors which affect Innocent Drinks include consumer attitudes and buying patterns, the growth of its target demographics, and various health campaigns such as the 5-a-day campaign. A growing interest in healthy eating and projected growth trends for its main demographic present considerable opportunities for Innocent Drinks in the United Kingdom as well as in Europe in general.TechnologicalTechnological factors include innovation regarding new production methods and products, as well as the packaging for its products, recycling, and other trends and advances in manufacturing. For instance, Innocent Drinks had been working on increasing the per centum of recycled plastic used to manufacture its bottles (as it was previously made from 50% recycled plastic). It increase this to 100% in 2007, and is continuously looking for new shipway in which it can minimise its impact on the environment through proficient advances in manufacturing its packaging (Innocent Drinks, 2007).EnvironmentalInnocent Drinks is affected by various environmental laws such as those regarding the carbon impact of its packaging components, the use of recyclable/renewable material, etc. Innocent Drinks has focused on discovering ways in which it can reduce wastage and its carbon impact on the environment, in terms of packaging, transportation of goods etc. Although it has faced some challenges regarding this, as reported by Phelvin and Wallop (2008) and discussed below under the cultural analysis, it nevertheless makes considerable effort to reduce any negative impact it has on the environment. In 2013 for instance, Innocent Drinks save over 1000 tonnes of plastic by put its juice carafes on a diet, and also makes use of 100% woodwind Stewardship Council certified material for its cartons (Innocent Drinks, 2014f).LegalInnocent Drinks has to comply with various laws including consumer protective cover laws, industry regulations (such as those outlined above). Legal issues such as competition laws also influence factors such as mergers and acquisitions, as in the consequence with Innocent Drinks partnership with Coca-Cola (Macalister and Teather, 2010). Table 1 below shows Innocent Drinks work compared with other leading drink companies. TABLE 1 THE BRITVIC SOFT DRINKS history TOP GROCERY, CONVENIENCE AND IMPULSE BRANDS Source Reynolds (2013, p. 1) It can be notice that Innocent Drinks recorded the highest percentage increase in the group, thus present a strong growth potential. However, it should also be noted that Innocent is a relatively new company and is also is a fast growth phase. It may and then be somewhat challenging to substantiate such high growth aims over time. 5. An Analysis Of Innocent Drinks Organisational goal A number of studies have revealed that there is a significant blood between an organisations culture and certain aspects of its performance (Kotter and Heskett, 1992 Rashid, Sabasivan and Johari, 2003). According to Kotter and Heskett (1992), organisations with cultures where emphasis was on leadership at all levels and key managerial constituencies (i.e. employees, customers and shareholders) performed considerably better than companies who did not have such cultural traits (the origin experienced a 682% revenue increase on average over a period of 11 years, while the latter experienced 166%). It is therefore important to consider the culture of a company when evaluating its per formance. In order to evaluate Innocent Drinks organisational culture, potful and Kennedys (1999) typology of incorporate cultures shall be used. Deal and Kennedy (1999) outlined quartet main categories of company cultures found on the distributor point of jeopardy involved in the activities of the organisation, and the speed at which the organisation and employees recover feedback regarding the success of their strategies/ventures. They note that these two factors have an impact on the outgrowth of cultural elements in an organisation and how these influence the companys employees. The four categories are the process culture, bet-your-company culture, work-hard/play-hard culture and tough-guy/macho culture (Deal and Kennedy, 1999 Mullins, 2010). Figure 1 below illustrates these categories Source Revenaugh (1994, p. 20) The process culture is characterised by low risk and slow feedback, and this leads employees to focus on how they do things (i.e. the process), rather than what they actually do. Although quite a bureaucratic, it can actually be effective when order and predictability is needed (Mullins, 2010). The bet-your-company culture is characterised by high risk and low feedback. In such organisations, breakable to the nature of the feedback, it can take a long time forwards the success or failure of decisions becomes apparent. Examples of companies with such cultures are oil companies and enthronement banks. The tough-guy, macho culture is one which is characterised by high risk, quick feedback regarding actions taken, high financial stakes, and intense pressure and speed. Examples of such organisations with this type of culture include police departments, hospitals and the entertainment industry (Deal and Kennedy, 1999 Mullins, 2010). The work-hard, play-hard culture is few risks, quick feedback and cheer and action. In such a culture, there is a high level of relatively low risk activity (Mullins, 2010, p. 741). Deal and Kennedy (1999) point out that a considerable number of sales-driven organisations have this culture. Such organisations are exceedingly dynamic, customer-focused, and place a high emphasis on team work, as it is the team that produces the volume (Deal and Kennedy, 1999 Mullins, 2010). It is important to note though that not all companies will fall strictly into these four categories, and some may be characterised by a blend of more than one, such as banks for instance. Nevertheless, it still provides a useful guide for understanding the culture of an organisation, and taking step to maximise the benefits of such a culture, as well as direct the challenges such a culture poses. Having briefly described these four categories and based on the information available on Innocent Drinks, the company can be said to have a work-hard, play-hard culture. While it is characterised by a high level of activity, much of it is low risk. It is also sales-driven, has a strong team culture, and a fun, informal approach to carrying out its activities and relating with the public (Innocent Drinks, 2014a). However, a key challenge of this type of culture is that employees can possibly rely on the good performance of a team to hide weak personal performance. Another challenge is that a focus on volume can have a negative impact on choice (Mullins, 2010). Innocent Drinks has consequently been accused of making misleading claims regarding its environmental and ethical credentials (Phelvin and Wallop, 2008). Phelvin and Wallop (2008) reported that while Innocent Drinks leads its customers to believe that it imports the fruit and then makes the drinks in the UK, and that its fruit is always transported by by thoroughfare or rail because this uses less fossil fuel than air/ passageway transport. This is not the case, as the drinks are actually made elsewhere in Europe, and transported in lorries to the UK for bottling. Innocent Drinks however argued that the company had not deliberately attemp t to mislead customers, but had simply stopped publicising where its drinks were made since it moved its production abroad, and had failed to update this information on their web page. 6. Recommendations And Conclusion Having carried out these analyses of Innocent Drinks from various aspects, this section shall use the results of these analyses to offer recommendations to Innocent Drinks. Subsequently, conclusions shall be drawn. From the SWOT analysis, it can be seen that Innocent Drinks needs to work on ever-changing their sourcing strategies, particularly from areas affected by such untoward weather conditions. Innocent Drinks could also work with its suppliers to carry out certain farm practices that will minimise the impact of these conditions such as reforestation, mulching techniques, shade management, improved waste pipe systems etc. (Barron, 2009). Innocent Drinks partnership with Coca-Cola was a good strategy, considering the competition it faced from PepsiCo and the n eed for enhanced marketing in order to boost its brand visibility and market share. It is nevertheless important that it preserves its key values which have endeared it to customers, and also maintains its reputation as an ethical, environmentally friendly, brotherly brand. This issue of Innocent Drinks maintaining its brand values has been a particular concern for customers following its takeover by Coca-Cola (Cohen, 2011 Macalister and Teather, 2010). As such, efforts need to be made to change their stakeholders that they will remain loyal to their values. Based on the analysis of Innocent Drinks culture, it can be observed that there is a need to pay attention to not just team performance, but the performance of individuals as well. This can be done by ensuring that team leaders allocate specific tasks to various genus Phalluss of the team and hold them responsible for each of these tasks. Furthermore, in reports on the teams activities, the contribution of each individual m ember can also be highlighted, in order to avoid social loafing. There also needs to be an increased emphasis on transparency. This is because the discovery that Innocent Drinks is not doing what it claims to be doing can lead to feelings of qualm from customers and other relevant stakeholders. As such, it is necessary to keep the information opened to the public on their websites or other similar places up-to-date, and ensure that efforts are made to do what the company claims it will do. It should also aim to effectively address the accusations that its smoothies are high in calories/sugar and are not necessarily as healthy as they are purported to be, due to the touch on methods used. Innocent Drinks can also look into the possibility of expanding into other continents such as Asia and Africa, in order to negate the effects of possible adverse market conditions in Europe. However, a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis would need to be done first, in order to determine how fe asible this would be. In conclusion, it can be observed that Innocent Drinks has considerable potential to grow and be a market leader in the industry. However, there are a number of weaknesses and threats which need to be managed and possibly overcome. The recommendations outlined above, while not exhaustive, can serve as a guide for Innocent Drinks decision makers and could potentially enhance its customer base, market position and its overall profitability. References Andersen, E. (2012). Innocent Drinks founder Exporting pushed us into the red. direction Today, 26th October 2012. easy at http//www.managementtoday.co.uk/ discussion/1156817/Innocent-Drinks-founder-Exporting-pushed-us-red/ Retrieved twenty-eighth October 2014. Bainbridge, J. (2013). Sector Insight (Interactive) Fruit juice, juice drinks and smoothies.Marketing Magazine, 14th March, 2013 Online. easy at Retrieved twenty-eighth October 2014. Barron, V. (2009). Climate Change Impacts on Business A case study of Innocent Drinks and their top fruits. gettable at Retrieved twenty-eighth October 2014. Briggs, H. (2014). Fruit and veg More than five-a-day no effect. BBC, 30 July, 2014 Online. uncommitted at Retrieved twenty-eighth October 2014. Cohen, T. (2011) Innocent accused over charity con.Daily Mail, 27 May 2011. Available at http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1391521/Innocent-Smoothie-maker-defends-handing-520-000-charity-cash-2008.html Retrieved twenty-eighth October 2014. Deal, T.E. and Kennedy, A.A. (1999)The new corporate cultures. Cambridge, MA Basic Books Gubbay (2011). Brains behind famous smoothie company shares his Innocent approach to business. Available at http//www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/businessschool/newssummary/news_20-6-2011-17-54-53 Retrieved 28th October 2014. Hodgekiss, A. (2013) The 15 WORST honeyed drinks in Britain.Daily Mail, 30 March 2013 Online. Available at Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2007) Ou r brand new 100% recycled plastic bottles. Available at Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2014a). Our story. Available at http//www.innocentdrinks.co.uk/us/our-story Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2014b). Things we make. Available at http//www.innocentdrinks.co.uk/things-we-make Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2014c). The innocent promise. Available at Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2014d). Our purpose, Our values. Available at http//www.innocentdrinks.co.uk/us/careers Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2014e). Awards we have won. Available at . Retrieved 28th October 2014. Innocent Drinks (2014f). Being sustainable. Available at Retrieved 28th October 2014. Johnson, G., Whittington, R. and Scholes, K. (2012)Fundamentals of Strategy. Second edition. Essex Pearson Education Limited Kotter, J.P. and Heskett, J.L. (1992)Corporate Culture and Performance. New York The innocuous Press Levy, A. (2011) Feel the squeeze Smoothie sales down a third as they are too expensive for credit-crunched Brits.Daily Mail, 1st November 2011 Online. Available at http//www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2055681/Smoothie-sales-theyre-expensive-credit-crunch-Brits.html Retrieved 28th October 2014. Macalister, T. and Teather, D. (2010) Innocent smoothie denies sell-out after Coca-Cola gets majority stake.The Guardian, 9 April 2010 Online. Available at http//www.theguardian.com/business/2010/apr/09/coca-cola-innocent-smoothie-stake Retrieved 28th October 2014. Markley, M. J., and Davis, L. (2007). Exploring future competitive payoff through sustainable supply chains.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,37(9), 763-774 Mintel (2010) Smoothies UK. Available at Retrieved 28th October 2014. Mullins, L.J. (2010).Management and Organisational Behaviour. 9th Edition. Harlow Prentice Hall Neate, R. (2013). Coca-Cola takes full control of Innocent.The Guardian, twenty-secon d February, 2013 Online. Available at http//www.theguardian.com/business/2013/feb/22/coca-cola-full-control-innocent Retrieved 28th October 2014. OReilly, L. (2014). Innocent launces super smoothie range.Marketing Week, 10th March, 2014. Available at http//www.marketingweek.com/2014/03/10/innocent-launches-super-smoothie-range/ Retrieved 28th October 2014. PepsiCo (n.d.). New Tropicana Smoothies will boost 5-a-day efforts. Available at http//www.pepsico.co.uk/our-company/media-centre/news-and-comment/new-tropicana-smoothies-will-boost-5-a-day-efforts. Retrieved 28th October 2014. Phelvin, P. and Wallop, H. (2008). Innocent Smoothies accused over environmental marketing.The Telegraph, 1st tremendous 2008 Online. Available at Retrieved 28th October 2014. Rashid, M. Z. A., Sambasivan, M., Johari, J. (2003). The influence of corporate culture and organisational commitment on performance.Journal of Management Development,22(8), 708-728 Revenaugh, D. L. (1994). Business process re -engineering the unavoidable challenge.Management Decision,32(7), 16-27 Reynolds, J. (2013). Innocent sales rocket over 35%, says Britvic Soft Drinks Report. Available at . Retrieved 28th October 2014. Rubin, C. (2010) Building Englands Ethical, Healthy and Slightly Cheeky Beverage Brand. Inc., July 2010. Available at http//www.inc.com/articles/2010/07/building-englands-favorite-smoothie-company.html Retrieved 28th October 2014. Sibun, J. (2008). Not such a smooth ride for Innocent.The Telegraph, 2nd August 2008 Online. Available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/2794173/Not-such-a-smooth-ride-for-Innocent.html Retrieved 28th October 2014. The Food and Drink Innovation Network (FDIN) Comment on Coca-Colas Purchase of Innocent. Available at http//www.fdin.org.uk/2010/04/comment-on-coca-colas-purchase-of-innocent/ Retrieved 28th October 2014. The Telegraph (2009). Smoothies count as two of five fruit and veg per day. The Telegraph, 16th September 2009 Online. Available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/6197202/Smoothies-count-as-two-of-five-fruit-and-veg-per-day.html Retrieved 28th October 2014.

Global Businesses Cultural Analysis In Japan

Global disdaines ethnic Analysis In lacquerThis paper is a global profession cultural analysis of lacquer. The lacquerese polish ( parley and customs) is in truth complex. In order to show how the united States should treat international blood with japan, this paper answers four look into questions. First, what ar the case elements and dimensions of conclusion in lacquer? The seven study elements and dimensions discussed argon communication, languages, religion, ethics, value and attitudes, partners and customs, and social expressions. Secondly, how ar these elements and dimensions integrated by indigenous quite a little deal outing line of descent in Japan? Thirdly, how do these elements comp atomic number 18 with united States horticulture and c ar? Lastly, what argon the implications for united States wrinklees that wish to conduct argument with Japan?If Businesses wish to do trade with Japan, they must first understand the major elements and di mensions of Nipp sensationse culture on with its impact on how the Nipponese conduct their business. If businesses fail to understand and make appropriate adjustments, they may unwittingly violate Nipponese sensibilities and fail in their pursuits. in that respectfore, this paper leave alone discuss these elements and dimensions, along with their impact on Nipponese businesses. Further much, these critical factors clear be comp ard to the United States business culture and identify appropriate adjustments, which must be made. even, precedent to discussing these matters, it is prudent to consider the historical macro-cross-cultural familys between Japan and the United States.Although Japan has an extensive and interesting history, for the purposes of this paper, the first cutifi enduret milestone is that the Tokugawa Shogunate brought semipolitical stability to Japan in 1603. Subsequently, Japan was non influenced by un homogeneous countries and its culture flour ished in isolation. However, when her ports were opened to trade with the United States in 1854, Japan began to modernize and industrialize . Eventually, the country became a regional power. Seeking walk out on domination in the Pacific, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, qualification United States Japans enemy. Rather than subjugating Japan, after her defeat, the United States dish outed her rebuild. in that fixingfore, Japan recovered, became an ally of the United States, and remains an economic power today (Japan, 2010).What atomic number 18 the major elements and dimensions of culture in this region? communion in Japan is very complex. verbalize words tramp arrive at several meanings therefore, both(prenominal) verbal and non-verbal communication is principal(prenominal) to understand. Context is burning(prenominal) part of understanding what the meaning of what is tell. Non-verbal communication is important since verbal communication tramp be interpreted in s o numerous ways. The smallest enunciateion can miscellanea the meaning of what is universe said. For instance frowning eyepatch slightlyone is speaking can be interpreted as disagreement (Japan-Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette, 2004). Japan is considered to be a high-context country. This affects the way that the Nipponese communicate. Information is conv heart and sould in calculately and silence is considered a print of maturity (Cooper-Chen Tanaka, 2008).Japanese is the predominate language spoken in Japan. However there argon legion(predicate) former(a) languages and dialects spoken in Japan. As the hostile and indigenous minority populations increase, so does the number of other languages spoken. many of the other major languages spoken argon Ainu, Ryukyuan, Chinese, slope, and Korean. Ainu and Ryukyuan are indigenous languages that are spoken in different regions of Japan, darn the other languages listed are in general spoken by immigrants (Maher, 1997). side of meat is a secondary language, spoken by many educated Japanese. English is studied in many Japanese secondary schools and in higher(prenominal) education. There are between 40 to 50 international schools in Japan that instruct in English. The historical nonion of a language model ( unremarkably British or American) has declined comfortably in recent years. Multi-accented English, including Asian Englishes, is increasingly trainable (Maher, 1997). Shintoistic is the antique native religion of Japan. The origins of Shinto cannot be traced because it was transmitted orally until paternity was introduced by the Chinese in the fifth century. The Japanese worshiped forces and forms of nature. Shinto has many deities with no supreme deity. The Shinto shrine is a simple wooden make that houses an end that is guessd to be the dwelling place of the Kami. As Buddhism entered Japan, Shinto was influenced and the shrines became to a greater extent elaborate. Shinto is still widel y practiced in a form that is influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism. The kick in form of Shinto is less like a spended-down feather religion and more observed in festivals, traditional ceremonies, and customs. The disestablishment of state Shinto came after the countrys defeat in humanity struggle II. The present-day Shinto religion has no dogmatic system or any code of morals. The philosophies of newer sects stress world peace and brotherhood (Columbia electronic Encyclopedia, 2009)Another major religion in Japan is Buddhism. Buddhism entered Japan in the 6th century A.D. (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2009). Buddhism originated in India some 2500 years ago. It was started when Siddhartha Gotama, straightway known as Buddha, was said to be awakened. Buddhisms basic concepts of faith are the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. Buddhistic do not believe in any deity. The goal of Buddhism is nirvana, which means cessation. Buddhist believe that to fail enlig htened the human spirit must be giving of the struggle to prove our existence to the world and therefore be exempt of reincarnation (Buddhism, 2010). 84 % of the Japanese citizens claim to be following both Shinto and Buddhism, precisely many only practice during the saucily Year, weddings, or funerals (Taylor, 2008, p. 33). Traditionally the Japanese ring out the old year at Buddhist temples. Buddhism in Japan is ofttimes called funeral Buddhism, because the Japanese mystify traditionally held Buddhist funerals. Buddhist priest fear that Buddhism in Japan allow soon die out (Onishi, 2008).Japanese ethics is mainly influenced by Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The Japanese believe in an ideal human equality. They note those who scarper stark to better the Japanese gild as a exclusively and site a lot of emphasis on the importance of the conclave. semipermanent and give-and-take relationships are important to the Japanese for a harmonious decree. It is important to the Japanese to work together and help the fellow man. Each soulfulness must learn how to rely on each other and put up others (Japan, 2003).Before conducting business in Japan it is important to understand approximately basic value and attitudes. Since the Japanese culture is considered high-context, even little gestures go a long way. keep is something that the Japanese highly valuable. Direct eye contact is also not the norm, to lower ones eyes is considered a sign of respect. (Etiquette, 2010). Being on time is very important to the Japanese, as it shows respect for the attendees. However, the Japanese like to take their time making ends (Japanese Meetings, 2010). As tell earlier the Japanese attitude toward work is that it is the single(a)s duty to work hard. They encounter work as a way to better their society and to help their fellow man. There is a big push from the Japanese regimen for change. However, this is not the attitude of the Japanese the great unwashe d. The Japanese fear that change will give way a big impact on their way of aliveness and cause more harm than good (Gaijin at the Gates, 2007).It is easy to wait on where Japanese manners and customs derive from once basic Japanese determine and attitudes are unders in like mannerd. or so manners that derive from Japan cosmos a high-context country are it is considered inappropriate and even rude to express dramatic gestures especially pointing. When pointing something out the Japanese wave their hand, palm up, towards the object that they are pointing out. Blowing ones draw close in open is considered very inappropriate. Bowing with ones manpower at their side, is the traditional greeting. Male and female touching in public is considered inappropriate, even among married couples. The Japanese like to observe soulal blank when having a conversation. The soulfulness should go somewhere private and blow their nose with a disposable tissue. To the Japanese, smiling and lau ghter can be confusing. These forms of locution to the Japanese may convey embarrassment, confusion, shock, or even being upset. reward also drives some of the manners and customs. To be invited to a persons home is considered a big honor. When entering a Japanese home, it is important to remove ones piazza to show respect (Etiquette, 2010).The modern Japanese society can be carve up into six social concourses i.e.,the Imperial Family, Nobility, focal ratio Middle Class, refuse Middle Class, Industrial P economic consumptiontariat, and Peasants. The Imperial Family is not a ruling position, precisely more of a symbolic position. The second highest throng is the Nobility free radical, which is divided into three sub-groups. The highest in the order are descendants of the old homage nobility called the Kuge. They also have little political power. Next is the Daimyo group, who are descendants of the dukes and counts that ruled after the seventeenth century. The final nobili ty group is the New Nobility. These are good deal who were ennobled since 1868. A large part of this group is the descendants of the Samurai. umpteen of the people in this group have locomote up from lower social groups to this position. Out of all the nobility groups the New Nobility group has the to the highest degree power in modern Japan. The pep pill Middle Class can be divided into two sub-groups, the adult male group and the top-ranking civil servants. The gentleman group mainly consists of those who have calibrated from a university. The top-ranking civil servants gain their prestige through being in governmental service. The lower middle class includes people like shopkeepers and discolour collar workers. The industrial proletariats are from the rural population that came to the city to be practise industrial workers. The peasants have very little and do not have much social standing. The armed forces are not included in the general social structure. The armed force s provide a way to move up socially in a different social group by ranking up (Levy Jr., 2000, pp. 18-21). Women in modern Japan have the akin legal rights as men. When it comes to family life though, women are pass judgment to be house wives and take care of the children (Women in Business in Japan, 2010).How are these elements and dimensions integrated by topical anaesthetics conducting business in the nation?Everyday Japanese communication is also prepare in communication during business transactions. There is usually an central meaning to what the speaker is saying. According to a study done by Emmett, the speaker will present a extrapolate theme-oriented opinion to persuade, explain, or get approval from the addressee. He states that the addressee will have little room to disagree with the speaker, because the generalized theme-oriented opinion gives the impression that the public opinion is shared and supported by other people (Emmett, 2003, p. 77). The Japanese are car eful in how they communicate, especially in business settings.Japanese is the about roughhewn language spoken in Japan and when dealing with local business. The need for the clear and precise use of language is never greater than in such situations (Japanese Communication Styles, 2010, para. 3).Shintoism and Buddhism influence how the Japanese conduct business. Business people who work hard to contri moreovere to the greater cause of their companies are respected by the Japanese. It is widely believed that through sacrifice and diligent work, the individual can connect himself with a greater, pooled life-force and comply with the ethical expectations of Japanese society (Japan, 2003, para. 4).Japanese business ethics reflect their culture and religion. Japanese workers are expected to be subordinate to their companies and the companies in turn are expected to be subordinate to their nation. A sub-group may be ridiculed or penalize as an unethical entity if it violates the expecta tions of the next larger group in the chain. These group ethics only apply to their individual groups or spheres. They are not expected to have the same ethical consideration to other concern corporations or exoticers. Japanese businesses are expected to work diligently to clear mutually beneficial transactions. If they fail to do so they will reflexion consequences and even sanctions (Japan, 2003).Integration of values, attitudes, manners, and customs into local business go hand in hand. Politeness, sincerity, and good manners are important to Japanese business etiquette. The way that the Japanese conduct business is very formal. The formality starts in the first meeting, with the presentation of business cards. Business cards should always be presented by holding it with two turn over to the most senior division of the Japanese party first. The person presenting it should bow slightly and then present a card down the ranks. The business card should be tempered with respect and never written on. It is important to be on time, unless if a person is running late they should call at to the lowest degree one hour ahead. It is good to take a lot of notes during a meeting. This shows the company that they are kindle in the meeting (Japanese Business Etiquette, 2009). tender classes can also be found in Japanese business. Upper middle class and even new nobility are often members of large corporations and directors. The lower middle class are often the sporty collar workers and shopkeepers (Levy Jr., 2000, p. 20). Japanese business decision making process is establish on consensus and co-operation. This gives the people a feeling of being actively estimate and they become committed to their company. Japanese companies, like Japanese society, are hierarchically organized with individuals knowing their position within a group and with regard to each other (Japanese Business Structures, 2010, para. 2). Women take the roles of lower grade tasks and are expe cted to leave once they marry or have children. Japanese womens annual income is about 50% less than a male fellow (Women in Business in Japan, 2010, para. 1).How do both of the above items compare with US culture and business?Communication can be one of the biggest dilemmas between US businesses and Japanese businesses. It is important for the Japanese to develop relationships with business partners early on, which is often dependent on the persons ability to read the underlying truth to what is actually spoken. This may be intemperate for US business men and women. It is important to ask enough questions in order to come across a clear understanding (Japanese Communication Styles, 2010). Communication digressions can be found between the two countries, because Japan is a high-context country objet dart the US is considered a low-context country. As discussed earlier, the smallest gesture to the Japanese can change the context of what is being said. In low-context cultures, li ke the US, people rely on what words are being said (Satterlee, 2009, p. 41). This can cause some major miscommunication. Another communication barrier is how American and Japanese business people arrive at an agreement differently. This causes difficulties during the negotiation process. The Japanese are concerned with pursuing social relationship goals during this process. Meanwhile, Americans tend to be individualistic. Americans concenter is on the immediate and not the long term relationships that the Japanese savor for. This can cause some issues between Japanese and American businesses (Kumar, 1999, p. 63-78). Communication between Japanese and American businesses may be difficult but, with diligence and an understanding of the Japanese, a great business relationship can be formed.Language can be a problem for American and Japanese business meetings. There are few foreigners who can speak Japanese well therefore, the meetings must be spoken in English. Most levels of Engli sh in Japan are patchy. This can cause confusion. Often what is said is either not understood or it is misunderstood (Japanese Communication Styles, 2010).The major professed religion in the United States is Christianity. As of 2007 only 0.7% of Americans claimed to be Buddhist (United States, 2010). This is a drastic comparison to the 84% of Japanese who claim to be following both Buddhism and Shintoism. However, moderation and toleration is congruous a norm in America. Americans are celebrating losss and look down upon those who judge anothers beliefs (Orwin, 2004, pp. 26-27). Buddhism teaches its followers to be tolerant of all beliefs and religions. They agree with moral teachings of other religions (Buddhism, 2010). There should be no conflict dealing with religion in business, because Americans are beseeming more tolerant to other beliefs and Buddhism embraces other religious teachings.The Business morals Index (BEI) for Japan is very similar to that of the US. There have been a few more incidents of unethical behaviors from Japanese companies than that of the US. Like Enron did in the US, Liverdoor did the same thing in Japan. Some of the other Japanese scandals include hoodwink Brand Foods and Tokyo Electric Co. Based on the BEI, Japanese and American managers had the same views on corpo grade responsibility and unethical business practices. Differences in ethics can be found in some areas. For instance, Japanese cerebrate on the group ( communism). The Japanese have the good-of-the-group mentality while the American mindset is that of the good-of-the-individual (Tsalikis, 2008, pp. 379-385). Since Japanese and American business ethics are very similar, Americans should have little ethical complications when dealing with Japanese businesses.There are differences when it comes to American values and attitudes from those of the Japanese. The major driving force for the differences is the individualism of Americans versus the collectivism of the Jap anese. The American dream is to make a name for one self. The Japanese, as stated many times earlier, are concerned with how their actions affect everyone nearly them. Japanese hierarchy is based on consensus and co-operation rather than the top-down decision making process which often typifies western models of hierarchy (Japanese Business Structures, 2010, para. 3). Respect is important to both Americans and Japanese, but the Japanese have a more formal stance on respect. An example of this would be how Americans father that not feeling a person in the eye as gibelike or even the person is trying to hide something, while the Japanese lower their eyes to show respect. There may be differences when it comes to values and attitudes, but American businesses should have no problem understanding the Japanese values and attitudes with a little research and study.Whenever someone is dealing with a new culture, there is going to be differences in manners and customs. The regular Ameri can greeting is a firm handshaking and looking the person in the eyes. The traditional Japanese greeting is a bow with the persons hands at their side and with their eyes lowered. The Japanese are aware of the handshake being the typical Western greeting and they will greet Westerners with a handshake, but it will be often weak. The American dream allows a person to be in a high position in the company based on their education and hard work. This is in dividing line to the Japanese, where age equals rank. Both cultures will use professional titles in formal situations. The Japanese word for Mr. or Mrs. is san. The exchange of business cards is common in both cultures. The Japanese, as discussed earlier, take it to another level. American business men and women should have business cards that are printed in English on one side and Japanese on the other side. The person receiving the cards should take time to read it. It should never be put in ones back pocket or a wallet. American armaments usually allow everyone to order food and drinks this is not true for Japanese hosts. The host will order drinks and meals for everyone in the group, because they are responsible for paying the bill. quieten can be uncomfortable for Americans, but this is seen as useful and rich to the Japanese. Dress is important to the Japanese. Americans also take pride in how they dress, but acceptable dress clothes in America may not be appropriate in Japan. Vibrant colors, bold designs, and flashy jewelry should be avoided, as this is not the norm. Women in Japan do not wear revealing clothing in a business setting, undecomposed or longer length skirts is acceptable. Learning the differences between American and Japanese manners and customs can lead to a successful business relationship between American and Japanese companies (Etiquette, 2010).The American social structure is different than that of the Japanese. American social classes can be broken down into upper class, upper m iddle, lower middle, and lower class. The upper class refers to the rich, while the lower class refers to the poor. Unlike the Japanese, there is no royalty or nobility in the United States. CEOs are usually found in the upper class, while the majority of business workers can be found somewhere in the middle class. The American dream allows for a person to move upward through the social classes based on how hard they work and getting a better education. This is where the Japanese and Americans will find contrast. As stated earlier, the Japanese know their place in society and remain there unless they join the armed forces. American women have come a long way in the US. Many American women are found in high ranking positions. There will be difficulties for American women working in Japan. Women in Japan do not hold high positions. American women may encounter difficulties when dealing with Japanese male colleagues. They sometimes are accepted as an honorary man (Women in Business in Japan, 2010).One way to understand the difference in culture between Japan and the United States is using the Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. This study is considered the most comprehensive study of how values in the oeuvre are influenced by culture. Geert Hofsted analyzed a data base of employee values from IBM between 1967 and 1973 which covered more than 70 countries. The dimensions that he included were military group Distance Index, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, and Long-Term Orientation. Japan scored higher in the Power Distance Index. This means that more members of organizations in Japan accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Americans scored higher in the Individualism dimension. As discussed earlier, the Japanese are more concerned with collectivism, while Americans are concerned about individuals. Japan scored higher in the Masculinity dimension. This shows that there is more of a gap in Japan between mens values and womens values. According to Geert research the masculine values are very assertive and competitive, while the fair(prenominal) values are modest and caring. The Japanese also score higher in the Uncertainty Avoidance Index. The Uncertainty Avoidance Index pertains to a societys tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. The Japanese are uncomfortable in uncrystallized situations where the outcome is uncertain. Countries with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index will minimize uncertainty with strict laws and rules. The last dimension is where there is the biggest difference between the two countries. The Japanese scored a lot higher on the Long-Term Orientation dimension. Virtues associated with Long-Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance, while values associated with Short-Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protect ones confront (Geert Hoftede Cultural Dimensions, 2009). The Geert Hoftede Cultural Dimensions helps international businesses u nderstand how the host countrys culture compares with their home culture. To be successful at international business in Japan, a U.S. company should look at the five dimensions and use it to advertise their understanding of the Japanese culture.What are the implications for US businesses that wish to conduct business in that region?Understanding current U.S. and Japanese relations is important before conducting business in Japan. U.S.-Japan alliance is responsible for the U.S. security role in East Asia. This alliance has helped the with U.S. national security strategy in the region. In return the alliance provides protection from Japans neighbors, particularly China and atomic number 7 Korea (U.S.-Japan Relations, 2009). Japan recently elected a new prime minister, Naoto Kan of the republican Party of Japan. Relations between the U.S. and Japan were harmed by the former bloom Minister Mr. Hatoyama. During elections Mr. Hatoyama pledged to reconsider the agreement on the relocati on of the US air base on Okinawa. The U.S. pressured Mr. Hatoyama to later reverse his position, which infuriated the inhabitants of Okinawa and many leaders within the Democratic Party of Japan. This was the major factor that lead to his resignation. The new Prime Minister, Mr. Kan, has pledged to implement the original agreement. There are about 47,000 U.S. Troops stationed in Japan. More than half of these troops are stationed on the island of Okinawa. This dispute has caused the goodwill between the two countries for the past fifty dollar bill years to be undermined (Japan Country Outlook, 2010).Japan is considered one of the United States most important economic partners. Japan is responsible for the second largest source of imports for the U.S. impertinent of North America. They are also the second largest source of foreign direct investment for the U.S. Japan has helped to finance the U.S. deficit and reduce U.S. interest rates by being the second-largest foreign holders of U.S. treasuries. Even though the two countries are facing tensions over base relocation, they are economically dependent on each other (U.S.-Japan Relations, 2009).The Japanese banned all U.S. bitch imports in December 2003, after the discovery of the first U.S. case of mad awe disease. This ban was finally lifted in December 2005, but promptly re-imposed it in January 2006, after finding bone material among the first beef shipments from the U.S. The Japanese lifted the ban in July 2006 on cattle 20 months old or younger. After much pressure from the U.S. in whitethorn 27, 2009, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries reportedly were ready to ask the restrictions to be more relaxed allowing U.S. beef imports from cattle younger than 30 months (Federation of American Scientists, 2009).Japan asked the World Trade Organization (WTO) for permission to impose sanctions on U.S. imports on January 2008 for the mischa nce to comply with WTO decision against the U.S. practice of zeroing in anti toss duty determinations. These sanctions on U.S. imports were cute around $250 million. On April 24, 2009 the WTO ruled in favor of Japan stating that the United States was not in compliance with the WTO ruling. The practice of zeroing is where the U.S. Department of Commerce treats prices of imports that are above fair trade value as zero dumping margin rather than a negative margin (Federation of American Scientists, 2009).There are many reasons that an American company should consider doing business in Japan. Japan is considered the center of new trends and creativity. Businesses around the world are partnering with Japanese companies. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) gives ten advantages to investing in Japan (Investing in Japan, 2010). They are listed as followsJapan has an enormous market that has huge probable.Japanese consumers are early adapters. These consumers like to stay on the cut ting edge when it comes to new technologies. Many companies find that Japan is a good test market for new products and services.Japan provides promising markets and industries. Many of Japans industries are globally competitive. Four sectors that are showing potential for future(a) growth are Information and communication technology, medical and health care, self-propelled parts, and environment-related markets.Japan is home to many of the worlds top companies.Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be found in Japan like SMEs that possess unique technologies. Partnerships with these types of companies can help foreign companies desire to enter the Japanese market, move on their technological capacity, and open up markets and sales channels.Japan possesses the ideal conditions to be a center of innovation due to its cooperation between foreign companies, universities and other organizations.Japan is also becoming a gateway to the Asian market. Companies from around t he world are using Japan as a location for regional headquarters.There are a number of foreign companies seeking to expand their businesses in Japan. Japan is becoming a destination that offers potential for foreign companies to increase their profits.Japan has a mature investment infrastructure. Japans industrial structure and business environment is similar to U.S. and European environments.Japan has a secure, comfortable living environment. Japan has welcomed many foreign cultures and provides clean and undecomposed urban environments.There are some risks that foreign companies will face when looking into investing into Japan. There is the risk of being scammed by people who will pretend to be experts in various aspects of doing business in Japan and pocket the companys money. Doing business in Japan can be extremely expensive if cost are not properly controlled (Making Japan Work for You, 2009). The Japanese government is trying hard to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The government has changed its commercial code, making it easier for foreign firms to spoil Japanese ones. The government does not desire foreign cash but it hopes that foreigners can help reform companies and introduce competition. For instance, Starbucks forced other Japanese coffee shops to improve. While this may sound good to foreign companies looking to conduct business in Japan, it has not been very successful. Consumer spending is becoming sluggish and the Japanese population is shrinking. Tax codes make life difficult for foreign firms. Many Japanese companies are resisting foreign takeovers. They fear that foreign take over their companies would result in a loss of jobs. Some foreign investors are finding that investing in Japan involves too much effort for a little profit (Gaijin at the Gates, 2007). in spite of the risks involved, international business in Japan can be a good investment.ConclusionJapan is home to a rich and vibrant culture that offers much for innovati on and investment for businesses. The Japanese are a very complex society from the way they communicate to their many customs. American business men and women can learn a lot from the Japanese. For instance, the Japanese have been very successful in globalization and have avoided an economic crisis. Most importantly, Japanese businesses do a better job of building a relationship with business partners than American businesses do. Oftentimes, Americans are more interested in making money than building relationships American business can be more successful by learning about the people they are doing business with and taking the time to build a relationship with them. Although the Japanese may seem drastically different from Americans, American companies can be successful in doing business in Japan. It will make a lot research and preparation, but the payoff can be great.