Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

outline - Essay ExampleSelling designer clothes to cater for the rich includes Louis Vuitton, Gucci and many a(prenominal) other brands. curve clothes for the middle class and second hand clothes for the poor. We chiffonier similarly market the paste by locating our shops at different geographical areas in the global market. By doing this, we will harbor it easier for the customers to access our products without any difficulties, which will facilitate our selling and, therefore, reduce competition.Due to the improved technology, we can put in buying of goods online and special delivery. This will motivate the busy, disabled, lazy, so that they purchase goods from our premises since busy people wint pick out to neglect their busy schedule to go shopping. The disabled will similarly have an advantage as they will not struggle going to the market (McDonald, 2008). The lazy will also be lured to our premises, and this will boost our selling and reduce competition, thus, market ing the gap.Gap Company should attract customers from many different social classes so that they can improve their profits. Even though the gap strategy extra how the company was presenting its brand to different social classes. Gab Company should start many peer retailer shops for them to capture the low earning citizens throughout the world. The company should consider having various prices in different branches so that they can attract as many customers as possible.Gap should ensure that they do not sell small products at eminent prices because this will only make people to avoid buying the products. They should not premiss products which are not relevant to the consumers and sell them at a high price (McDonald, 2008). There is also the introduction of new stores that sold goods at high prices, yet the old stores were selling products at a fair price. This made customers from the new geographical areas to avoid purchasing products from the new stores because they were very ex pensive.It is a high

Using The Communist Manifesto, explain how this argument could be true Essay

Using The communistic Manifesto, explain how this argument could be true - Essay ExampleIt was in such a scenario that the Communist Manifesto evolved and took shape.The Communist Manifesto (1848) is one of the most read and debated make-up of writing of the 20th century that portrays the struggle of the weaker classes against the backdrop of a sagging economy. Marx ideals are echoed in the Communist Manifesto encouraging realism to take the place of idealism preached by earlier socialists.Karl Marx greatly believed that capitalist economy in the right sense was absolutely necessary and would serve to bring about a revolutionary transformation of the world by providing a strong foundation for Communism. Marx believed that idealism that condoned various class structures was an deception that had to be got rid of by society.Marx and Engels fully well understood that industrialization was the answer for the positive knowledge of the country. Competition was an accepted fact among th e individuals of a capitalistic society and Marx contributed towards these influential concepts that paved the way for an industrial revolution. The chief goals that lay behind Marx concept of capitalism were that all citizens should enjoy equality, private production and will power should be abolished and a changed market economy where people could get whatever they needed in substitution for their labor. Marx was of the opinion that if states and governments were done away with, then wars would come to an end.According to Marx, the world markets were a potent and significant tool to remove the differences between nations and as they incorporated capitalism into their lives, they would not only improve international trade but also pave a new path where the world could be unify in communism.Marx believed that that an Industrial Revolution was both necessary and inevitable if a capitalistic nation had to be achieved because without it, it was not possible. He was sure that diffe rences between countries and nations

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Essay ExampleOf course, every discipline does render an ethics or methodological code of conduct, and the point is not to criticize archaeologists. However, what the nature of their activity is as a type depends on the context. In any(prenominal) contexts, the very same activity is grave robbing while in others, it is a respected science. Problems of identity or types, tin be expound as having a gray argona, and this is scarce why the question is being raised in the introduction. The problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is that on that point are too many cross-over to other types and that the line between types is no clearer than it is for any other concept that impacts some notion of identity. The following will analyze the Introverted Intuitive Thinking Judging (INTJ) type and the mastermind at heart the Keirsey scale, with an eye toward demonstrating some of the limitations. INTROVERTED On the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the first att ribute of the INTJ type is introverted. It is important to separate out that this is a specific manikin of introversion. This form might be draw as an escaping to rather than an escaping from. whatever introverts are that way because they are trying to get away from social interactions and for a variety of efforts or causes. The INTJ personality is introverted, but they are so as a matter of choice. Being introverted allows for abstract or analytical activity to take place, and thus as a choice, for the INTJ, it can be described as just a possible decision Personality Page, 2011, INTJ. INTUITIVE Like the introverted quality, the intuitive human face of the INTJ and for the writer of the present analysis, is one that is not a strictly conventional definition. Intuition or the form of intuition for the INTJ can be said to be rational. As an individual who invests a lot of beat in learning and investigating, the type of intuition that is accessible to the INTJ is also the outc ome of conditioning through reason or rationality Personality Page, 2011, INTJ. That is, intuitions take the forms of finding a common thread through seemingly different elements, and having the insight at first which was conditioned by reasoning patterns of the past, and further, a type of intuition that can be factually verified. That is, the rational side of the INTJ will not allow an intuition into the conceptual scheme, without there being some practical or pragmatic reason to do so. And, the pragmatic or practical side of the intuition, is to verify or empirically test the intuition rather than just trust the instinctual or emotional side of the experience. THINKING In the Myers-Briggs Personality Types, the opposite of thinking is feeling Personality Page, 2011, INTJ. As was described in the previous section on intuition, thinking or rationally analyzing phenomenon is a primary dash of operation for the INTJ. At this juncture, it is important that both the type and my own s elf-assessment maintain that thinking through a situation is much more important and indeed, valid, then just feeling about it. For instance, as a parent, this would mean that love is not all you need that is, to invert a well known set of lyrics from the rock group, the Beatles. Rather, parenting would involve making decisions on what is most reasonable and practical, rather than what the emotion of love is dictating.

Banned Pesticides by US Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Banned Pesticides by US Companies - Essay ExampleBeca routine of ban, companies have resorted to selling their products in cheaper prices and dumping them in developing countries in order to flush-out their existing big stocks. In North, the Government had put a ban on the pesticide called methyl radical bromide because of being health hazards and deleterious effects to the ozone layer. In spite of being aw atomic number 18 of its waste effects, it was being openly sold especially in third world countries. Eddleston, M. et al. (2002) examined, In 1985, the UN Food and market-gardening Organisation (FAO) produced a voluntary code of conduct for the pesticide industry in an attempt to limit the harmful effects of pesticides. Unfortunately, a lack of adequate government resources in the developing world makes this code ineffective, and thousands of deaths poke out today. Redmond, D. (2002) stated, The United States is one of the largest exporters of pesticides in the world. Many of the pesticides are so dangerous that they are banned for use in the United States. There is no doubt that the use of these pesticides in the third world countries where they are exported is devastating. But we are victims too. Pesticide exports create a circle of poison by returning to the United States in the food we import. Machipisa, L. (1995) quoted in his article, If we have stocks we should destroy them. It is wrong to go and create a problem in the South when we in the North do not think it is good for us, said Herren. One should enumerate for alternatives before and not dump it, because it will lead its abuse. In conclusion, I would appeal the Companies, involved in this abusive business, to please stop playing with human lives for the sake of few dollars.

Unit III Assessment #2 Systemic Effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit III Assessment 2 general Effects - Essay ExampleDelhi recorded high blood pressure in 36.1% lifetime nonsmokers living in the city compared to the 9.5% of rural controls. The dominance of hypertension increased with increase in age. Despite the great prevalence, severity of hypertension was higher in the urban subjects. There was a record of 15.4% less severe coiffure 1 hypertension having systolic blood pressure of 140 to 159 mm Hg and more severe stage 2 hypertension in comparison with 6.1% and 0.9% of the rural controls having stage 1 and stage 2 systolic hypertension respectively. Stage 1 and stage 2 90 to 99 and greater than 100 mm Hg hypertension prevailed in 23.4% and 10.0% of Delhi citizens in contrast with 4.4% and 0.8% of control subjects correspondingly.An important and positive association transpired surrounded by the PM levels in Delhis lineage, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in Spearmans correlation experiment. Particulate air toxins along with lifestyle are great contributors of the prevalence of hypertension in Delhi. The elderly and those with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases are at high risks of death due to air pollution.Surprisingly, air pollution causes more deaths through cardiovascular diseases compared to the respiratory diseases, which are more associated with pollution of air. high blood pressure prevailed in a high percentage among the lifetime nonsmokers, which increased with increase in age. Those in urban areas had less severe stage 1 hypertension and more severe stage 2 hypertension compared to those in rural stage 1 and stage 2 systolic hypertension (Gurjar, Molina, & Ojha,

Abandoned vehicle problem 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Abandoned vehicle problem 2 - Assignment ExampleIt has been found that countries much(prenominal) as New Zealand have in place a well-thought procedure to deal with tatterdemalion vehicles, base on the method of categorisation. It is observed that these vehicles can bring about current uncalled-for kind or community concerns such as fire in these vehicles, leakage of hazardous liquids from the vehicles and the use of such vehicles for certain criminal activities among others. Therefore, Saudi Arabia, which can be termed as one of emerging nations, needs to upgrade its lively mechanism to deal with the abandoned vehicles relate problem which can facilitate not only social well-being but environmental protection as well. Table of Contents Summary 2 launch 4 Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles 5 Video Related to the Issue 6 The Risk of Abandoned Vehicles Problem 7 Comparison of the Process of New Zealand and KSA for Dealing with Abando ned Vehicles 9 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction In relation to the rapid pace of globalisation, it has been apparent that the nations oftentimes face different challenges in terms of protecting their environmental position. From the observation of different cases, it has been found that the forever increasing number of abandoned vehicles is creating a major and prominent depicted object for the countries to protect their environmental effectiveness. ... n of this report will be focused on highlighting the present ever-increasing negative impacts of abandoned vehicles on street within the environment of KSA. The discussion of the report would mainly incorporate four major aspects namely, the remotion policies and practices of the abandoned vehicles in New Zealand (NZ), which has apparently been able to control this issue by a hefty extent along with analysing their process in order to maintain an appropriate mechanism. A short related video is also presented concerning th e issue of abandoned vehicles. Moreover, the report would also focus on identifying the potential risks of abandoned vehicles problem in KSA as well as comparing the removal policies of both the countries regarding the growing issue of abandoned vehicles. Policies and Practices of New Zealand Government on Removing Abandoned Vehicles Abandoned vehicles can be regarded as a major and leading problematic concern for the global nations which tend to create significant obstacles in the countries push back vehicle regulations. In relation to the governmental regulations and policies regarding the issue of abandoned vehicles, it has been observed that New Zealand possesses a well-built restrictive process which incorporates adequate policies to ensure the reduction of the issues associated with abandoned vehicles. The Local Government Amendment Act (No. 6) of the year 1992 is trustworthy for dealing with the problems arising from abandoned vehicles within the country. The policies under neath the Act involve certain distinct processes for protecting vehicles from bar roadways or inhibiting traffic flows within different districts of the country (Kapiti Coast District Council, 2013). The policies further ensure to interpret adequate measures against

Growing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

maturement - Assignment ExampleBalancing classroom activities and creating time for co-curricular is essential in reaffirming students faculty member performance. Social media interaction through Facebook, YouTube or LinkedIn, be critical to keeping learners updated on vital issues and trends in their fields of study.digital engineering science plays an integral role in shaping todays life. engineering has a great influence in nearly all the fields of life ranging including education. Introduction of distance learning allows people from all walks of live to access quality education regardless of their location. Digital technologies correct access to information, storage, and retrieval of documents through development of school websites and cloud computing. According to Higgins, Xiao & Katsipataki (2012), studies linking provision and use of technology to attainment indicate consistent positive association with education fall outcomes.Computers are essential in carrying out res earch, doing assignments and presentation as they provide the based updated information. Technology acts as a supplement to regular article of faith hence should not be applicable as a replacement. In addition, tested attainment gains are evident in mathematics, science and in improving the learners writing intervention in literacy. In conclusion, creation a user of the digital devices such as laptops and tablets, I regularly visit social media as a source of vital information and interaction with friends schedule in their daily program. Balancing of academic and other activities is my crucial tool in monitoring and limiting unproductive use of technologies.Higgins, S., Xiao, Z. & Katsipataki, M. (2012, November 26). The Impact of Digital Technology on Learning A summary for the Education Endowment Foundation. Full Report. London shorthorn University Education Endowment Foundation.Richtel, M. (2010, November 21). Growing Up Digital, Wired for Distraction. The New York Times.

Law Enforcement Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Enforcement Culture - Term written report ExampleThese cultural forces do non allow one to report any form of irregularity that a nonher jurisprudence incumbent engaged in even if you do non agree with it. This could be corruption incidences, illegal intake of force to the public or any other acts not in line with good police rules and regulations. In essence, shapes what is right or wrong as amongst them whether or not its in the book. Those who violate this kind of norm be met with severe sanctions from, not just the officer on the wrong but also the entire workforce. This sanction may include even sensible assault on each other. Some writers have argued that this kind of culture grows stronger because generally police officers whole tone alienated, (Dellattre, 1994), and the only people who can understand them are other police officers who are able to distinguish with their specific problems and so they need to participate in the code of silence for them to touch a ccepted. Since police institutions are filled with injustices, hard punishments and corruption of the superiors, most of the police officers feel that their workplace has largely victimized them and use this excuse to engage in misconduct. Then if they are caught in their acts, they will manipulate other officers or even engage in arm-twisting to escape punishment. Participating in the code of silence is their way of not just achieving a sense of belonging but also of hiding away from punishment from their misconducts since no other colleague will be testifying against them. Effective Communication and Proper Presentation of Oneself Since talking to the superiors ab break(predicate) a colleagues misconduct is against the culture and may result to sanction from ones peers, it is important to be careful if you are planning to maintain good morals and arrogance in the workforce. First of all, effective communication is paramount, (Anonymous, 2006). Good communication will help other police officers feel accepted in their workplace to drive away their feelings of victimization and frustration. They need to accept their job and the challenges that contend with it. It will help them maintain a positive attitude when they are working and they neednt movement and drown their frustration on innocent citizens or in drugs. One also needs to realise that there is a good channel of communication with the superiors through which the police can air their grievances. The police administration needs to know the things that their subordinates are not comfortable with, whether its in promotion, way of carrying out discipline or other issues. All functions of the administration should be performed fairly and in transparency so that no one is left with feelings of bitterness and resentment. Those who have been caught in any form of misconduct should be justly punished so as to deter others from doing the same and to make them see that justice is beingness done. Ethical train ing amongst the police force should be advocated for which will instill upon them a sense of dignity and responsibility not to engage in certain acts. Further, one needs to carry themselves with dignity and neednt succumb to the vices of their colleagues. They should be the ones to correct their colleagues when they are about to engage in misconducts and give them warnings against doing the same. He should not be afraid to condemn wrong actions as well as congratulate good demeanour and as such, be the custodians of good morals within the institution. For the few who

What is childrens literature & how does it enrich children's lives Essay

What is childrens literary works & how does it enrich childrens lives - Essay ExampleTherefore, it makes them well-known(prenominal) with all these things and prepares them to handle such situations or problems which may arise in their own lives.A scripted work produced specifically for the purpose of educating or entertaining young people is termed as Childrens literary productions. The come in of this genre of writing includes classics, picture books, fairy tales, fables, songs from the folk tradition and illustrated stories. Earlier, stories told in the oral tradition effected this genre, but the late 18th cytosine and the early part of the 19th century saw a spurt in activity in this area while high levels of literacy in the 20th century gave a great impetus to the creation of this form of writing. The purpose of childrens literature is to create a revelation, expansion and exploration-pushing back limits according to Peter Hunt, one of the foremost proponents and critic of this form of writing. Childrens literature plays an important role in molding and nourishing a childs character.Childrens literature is created keeping in mind the fact that its target audience is not yet ready for self-aggrandizing literature and it is designed to cater to a age group which is still not equipped with the unavoidable mental skills required to understand and read complex words and ideas. Literature enriches a child by helping him to understand themselves and their surroundings better by placing them in a make believe world, where they exhaust themselves into one of the characters and experience the world vicariously. Nancy Anderson has divided childrens literature into six broad categories- early puerility picture books, fiction, traditional literature, biographies and autobiographies, poems and verses, and non-fiction. She also delineates what does not constitute this genre, and these include joke books, comics, and cartoon books.Pictus published in 1658 followe d by John Newberrys

Airbus A3XX- Developing the World's Largest Commercial Jet (A) Case Study

Airbus A3XX- Developing the Worlds Largest Commercial Jet (A) - Case Study ExampleIt is evidently clear from the watchword that there was a risk in terms of the upfront investment required for the project and in like manner the uncertainty of remove, do this decision are a critical and daunting one. The response on the introductory orders had been a positive one but the hitch being the fact that initial orders do non imply long-term demand. As it is launch customers are offered hefty initial discounts. The delivery was not to return place before 2006 and there were very airlines that were willing to order more planes 5-6 years in advance. This made it even more difficult for Airbus to decide on the launch if it could not reach its pre-launch target of 50-100 orders. The air travel industry is a very risky one. There is no grey in this industry its either black or white. Every 3-4 years, one has to put the business at a hazard and if a launch failed then the consequences can be as drastic as culminating into an exit demand from the industry. In recent years, companies like Glen Martin, General Dynamics, and Lockheed have met the same fate. Irrespective of the risks lying leading of it, Airbus went ahead with the launch. Now the deal would be to rectify and work upon the issues on the way and ensure that the launch is successful. Boeing which would be one of its biggest competitors would also have something ready up its sleeves to counter the launch. This threat can also be not denied. They would bring down the prices of their 747s or come up with a new version of 747. Given, their lieu in the industry, Airbus will have to counter the threat received from their end. Even the projected costs of the gamble have been stipulated to be 13 jillion dollars some critics believe that it would shoot up to 15 billion dollars. The financial success of Airbus thus depends on their ability to drive enough early sales foot through the learning curve effect.

A comparison of CORBA and Web Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

A comparison of CORBA and Web Services - see ExampleDistri exclusivelyed Applications refer to the maskings which can be distributed crossways different outgrowthors and computer systems.This concept helps in deploying an application across systems on a network which might be working a common experience or an application. Distribution introduces a whole new set of semantics for ease of computer science some applications by their very nature are distributed across sextuple computers because of one or more of the following reasons (Chaffee & martin, 1999) in that respect are some applications which might need to irritate common data. therefore, the data which these applications mustiness access must necessarily be residing on multiple systems for administration and ownership reasons. There are several options useable with distributed applications like an owner could permit the accessibility of the data-the data might be permitted to be accessed remotely but not stored on the local systems. If the data cannot be co-located, it must necessarily exist on multiple heterogeneous systems. Many applications in particular make the use of multiple processors in parallel computing to run an application and to solve a problem. Other applications may execute on multiple computers in order to take advantage of some unique feature of a particular system. Distributed applications most definitely take advantage of the scalability and heterogeneity of the distributed system (Chaffee & Martin, 1999). Some applications execute on multiple computers because users of the application go on and interact with each other via the application. Each user executes a piece of the distributed application on his or her computer, and shared butts, typically execute on one or more servers. A typical architecture for this kind of application is illustrated below. Fig 1 Distributed Applications (Chaffee & Martin, 1999)It is necessary for the Distributed application developers to addre ss several issues in a local program where in one operating system process all logic is executed. There are some differences between the objects that are co-located in the said(prenominal) process and the objects that can interact across processes or machine boundaries. The objects that are co-located can communicate faster than the ones that run on distributed applications. When in a group of objects which are co-located, one object fails, the whole of the object group fails. However, in the distributed applications, if one object among the whole bunch of objects running fails, it will not affect the other objects. Also the networks can be partitioned so as to separate the objects into different domains. Concurrent access in co-located objects is possible only with multiple threads. Concurrent access among the objects is possible in objects running in the distributed applications. Co-located objects are totally inviolable which is evident through the fact that objects have acces s only among themselves and any other outer objects cannot access that group of objects. Objects in a distributed application environment are not secure since objects in much(prenominal) an environment are not protected against access from other processes. The communication speeds between the objects belonging to the same process are much higher when compared to the communication speeds between objects located on different machines. This narration implies that distributed applications which most probably might contain more than two objects having tight interactions should not be designed. If much(prenominal) applications are designed, the objects should be co-located to enhance the performance and the communication speeds. When two objects are co-located, they fail together if the process in which they execute fails, both objects fail. The

What were the idealistic qualities of communism Research Paper

What were the idealistic qualities of communism - Research Paper sampleIt was based on the economic principle of ability and need. The principle enunciated by Marx was followed by Russian communist leadership, from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. Class domination was abolished as it was not causative to the welfare of the masses. Production was not for clear and human labor had a modernistic social role. The subject was in absolute control of alone the economic activities. Worker worked with the missionary zeal and produced commodities not for the profit of his individual master, but he was part of the collective efforts for the welfare of the state. He would work hard to relegate maximum output. Political power was not an instrument of organized class oppression as below Capitalism and Socialism and classes stood dissolved and there was no possibility of class oppression. Every human be shared equal responsibility, but all this was mere ideal ism and the grassroots realities for the common man were alone different and they went through a period of unmentionable miseries. The realities of daily life for people living to a lower place Stalin Stalin did not learn something from his own torments in childhood and inflicted cruelties on the people and terrorized those who opposed him. He move his political opponents to prison and labor camps, where grueling hard work awaited them. As a early days leader he had taken part in violent attacks and strikes and he continued with the same work style on getting the supreme position of power in the communist hierarchy in Russia. He initiated the five year plans for development of Russian economy, introduced collective farming, and took away land from the rich farmers to created state-owned farms. This was his start stroke of highhandedness to destroy the farming community and their individuality. He hoped for bumper production of food grains but that did not march on and many people starved. On the political front, he usurped more power and those who opposed his reforms were either shaft dead or sent to Siberia. He created a dreaded intelligence agency to spy everywhere the activities of people and to collect information from all over the world. Destiny played its part and more suffering awaited the people of Russia. World War II broke out and in 1941 Hitler broke the cartel and invaded Russia. The Soviet army defeated the Germans and in the process millions of military personnel and the civilians died. A section of the people benefited during the regime of Stalin. He supported women empowerment, gave them jobs and education. On the economic front, with the improvement in transportation facilities and with the construction of new railway lines, people heaved a sigh of relief. Stalin exhibited sterling qualities of a statesman, when Germans captured Yakov, son from his first wife they desire to trade him for a German Officer. Stalin did not relent and asserted that he had millions of sons and that Germans must free all or none of them. Communist ideology did not thrive under Stalin and people suffered much. The original revolutionaries illogical much of their fire and inspiration and exploitation of the people began. Turn the pages of history, and we find that the people were always attracted by the lofty ideals of fraternity equality and liberty. When these rights were denied to majority of the citizens, societies went through great convulsions. With the onset of industrial revolution, workers migrated from rural areas to towns and lived in a new set up. Gradually, the worker became a victim of injustice, harassment and exploitation. Protest movements

Expansion by Foreign Direct Investment in European Countries Dissertation - 2

Expansion by outside Direct Investment in European Countries - Dissertation ExampleThe establishing of the transition state and their re-entry into the international merchandise saw a phenomenal drive for privatization which necessarily required pileus investments together with business and focussing assistance each of which are specifically FDI oriented. Moreover, these transition states not only provide a durable supply of low labor costs they are both geographically and politically close to western Europe. Certainly, these factors ought to be appealing to FDIs. Even so, the international expansion of Europe by FDIs has not developed as expected. With the expectation that a number of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries get out eventually become members of the European Union, several questions relative to the impacts of international expansion in Europe arise. The first question is whether or not this prospect will contribute to European internationalization via FDI. T his paper investigates this question since Europe represents a strange conglomeration of developed and developing countries, an essential feature of the internationalization. The main objective is to ensure that developing countries role in international capital flows. Another relevant question for investigation is whether or not FDIs will introduce the skill and capital necessary for modernizing CEEs in Europe or will it encourage monopolies and rent-seeking practices. If the FDI roll in the hay be beneficial in terms of internationalization in Europe, what factors are essentially fueling its instruction and growth and what can European countries do to make the FDI more appealing? Ideally, the impact of internationalization by FDI in Europe should be the supply of cheap labor with a reciprocal infusion of capital for the funding of privatization and industrialization. In this regard, Western European and other foreign companies would assist in the transitioning of these sociali st states to open-market economies by not only providing investment capital, but by virtue of technology and management transfers. This is the intended matter of economic integration under the auspices of internationalization. More importantly, this is the way forward if Europe intends to achieve its close of becoming a global economy.

The US and middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The US and middle east - Essay ExampleHowever, the Second reality War was a wakeup call in all regions of the world as it fuelled nationalism, and this instigated calls for the Arab Nationalism. The Arabs felt that they had had enough of the British and the French who were colonising them. The Americans were not left out, and this is what led to the involutions that exist to date between the United States and the mediate eastern hemisphere. The generator of the article is addressing the Middle East by opening up both(prenominal) of the unseen agendas of the American - Middle East relationship. The source explains the origin of the relationship between the Middle East and the United States of America, the factors that led to the laconic conflict, democracy in the Middle East as advantageously up as the effects of the September 11 attacks on the American Middle East relationship. The author attempts to convince the audience and actually sets forth conjectural points to suppo rt his arguments. The writer is also at times harsh and objective in putting his points across such as arguing that the United States has a huge disregard for the Middle East in respect to human rights and democracy. The writer is convincing as his sources are credible and has conducted an in-depth analysis to make us understand what the relationship is all about. In addition, the writer looks at the historical relationship and where it was as well as where the relationship is headed. He also looks at who are the major beneficiaries of the relationship, which is very persuading. Nevertheless, at some instances the arguments are out of line for instance, the claim that the United States does not care for the Middle East and for a very long time the relationship has been based on how they could acquire oil by fuelling conflict without making up for it. Ethos, Pathos and Logos are the modes of persuasion that are used in argumentative essays. The writer uses Logos, which is a persuasi on technique that embraces the use of logic or logical arguments. He uses deductive and inductive reasoning, which helps make the argument credible. The writer also uses pathos, which is meant to appeal to the readers emotion, as well as ethos, which is meant to convince the reader that the writer is an expert in the field he is writing about. The Ethos the writer uses in the paper includes quoting credible sources such as Colin L. Powell, who is the former United States secretary of state he also states his credentials as a scholar in the Middle East affairs, and hence the knowledge he is presenting is credible. Reading through the essay, one is able to extract much information, e.g. the US policy on IRAQ, the US outline on the Arab World as well as the relations between the US and Qatar, which for the a long time could be described as strained and problematic. The ethos can be defined by a quote by Powell (2004), who was defending the US policy in the Middle East The United Sta tes National Security Strategy does commit us to preemption under certain bound circumstances (as quoted in Shunnag, p. 833) Finally, the other instance when the author resorts to Ethos in the paper is when he provides credible certainty and information about the US policy in Iraq and relations with Qatar as well as the strategy of the United States in the Middle East. Those are among the sharp areas of focus that he uses to persuade the reader. In this eggshell

Time Delay Disputes in Construction Contracts Assignment

Time Delay Disputes in Construction Contracts - Assignment Example innate environments ordinarily consist of scheduling issues i.e. if the construction process was poorly scheduled. Additionally, it may comprise of certain pecuniary problems or changed orders. Exogenous factors largely consist of external elements such poor weather or governing body laws and regulations. Inputs factors that may lead to delays in construction are largely related to the issue of manpower shortage. (Sweis, 2008)In other words, delays may either be non excusable or excusable. For instance, when a delay is caused by push back disputes, unusual deliveries, and transportation deals that had not been foreseen or other causes that could not be predicted, then the alter company can consider forgiving the offending party. However, in other instances, then delays cannot be excused by the offending party. For example, when delays occurred during ordinary weather or when the sub affirmer failed to meet his/he r end of the bargain. It is also inexcusable to delay a construction if the be after site was poorly coordinated. This may also be a problem when the contractor fails to finance the encounter properly or when there was poor workmanship, delays in material acquisition among others things. When a delay is caused by any of the latter factors, then it is likely that that person found guilty of the wickedness go away be liable to pay damages. (Fewings & Jones, 2005)The first aspect that is involved in dealing with the disputes is palliation of its effect. It is likely that the construction process may still be underway. Consequently, the affected parties use up to look for shipway in which they can minimise the distractions that would lead to further delay or that would cause ultimate project failure. (Kamara, 2002)The next thing that needs to be done is to determine the root cause of the problem. One mustiness be able to determine whether the causes of these delays are actually e xcusable or not. This is usually done by conducting a detailed evaluation and analysis of the construction site, the contractors, the subcontractor, workers, materials and all other interests groups required to make the project complete. It is usually plausible to break down all the disputes involved in the process little by little. This is because certain events may have caused different delays. Additionally, to effectively solve disputes, it is requisite to assess the overall liability involved and the actual damage caused to the affected party.Thereafter, the two parties in the construction process are usually required to take part in a settlement agreement. This will require legal consultants who will be able to voice the concerns of each of the affected parties. At that time, it may be also be necessary to consider the legal representatives for each party as there is a whole police squad involved in the dispute resolution mechanisms. The assembly of this team may usually be necessary in mediation cases rather than in settlement arrangements. (Iyer, Chaphalkar & Joshi, 2008)However, in the event that a dispute is preferably severe or when the affected parties have failed to reach a compromise, then these two parties will be required to take their case to court. This usually occurs when the dispute has resulted in litigation in the part of the affected party. Usually, judges will listen to their respective cases and then come up with possible explanations about what could have caused

Girl Interrupted Character Analysis Essay Example for Free

Girl Interrupted Character Analysis EssayBorderline personality derange is characterized by intense shifts in mood. This is often accompanied by periods of intense aggression, substance abuse, and self alter behaviors. People with minimal personality disorder will sometimes attempt suicide impulsively in periods of extreme depression or anger. Often times people with borderline personality disorder odour extremely bored, empty, mistreated and alone. Intense feelings of loneliness usually atomic number 18 followed by frantic efforts to avoid existence alone.Suzanne is initially institutionalized for taking a bottle of aspirin with a bottle of vodka. She claims that she was not act to kill herself, but only get rid of a headache. At the beginning Suzanne claimed that she had no grind away in her hand. This fits more with a delusional disorder. Suzanne often exhibits spontaneous damaging behavior that is mainly sexual. opposite spontaneous behaviors include breaking out of the hospital, stealing her medical files, and not taking medication. She also support in drugging a nurse and steals a guitar from the art room to help cheer up another patient. Spontaneous dangerous behavior is one of the major signs of borderline personality disorder.Suzanne has strange ideas astir(predicate) her symptoms and diagnosis, the major example being the bones in her hand disappearing and then reappearing. She often seeks to be alone shows many social anxieties around people and had a lack of close friends on foreign of the hospital. These symptoms go along with schizotypal personality disorder. Contradictions to the possible schizotypal personality disorder would include that she is sometimes the life of the fellowship which falls in line more with borderlines. She also desperately seeks male attention leading to her clean sexual behavior that goes against the seeking of complete isolation often exhibited by others with scizotypal personality disorder. Her social anxieties are not clear in the movie and it is unknown whether they are because of negative feelings about her or whether she has insane fears.Despite the schizotypal possibility it is more likely that she has borderline personality disorder. This is because she clearly exhibits the majority of the signs of someone with borderline personality disorder including self destructive behavior, feelings of emptiness, intense shifts in mood lasting only a short period of time, consistent suicide ideation, feelings of rejection and not fitting in. Even the schizotypal symptoms can be explained by borderline personality disorder. People with borderline personality disorder often have odd thinking, quasipsychosis, and unknown perceptions. Although Suzanne showed symptoms of many types of disorders, the Borderline that she was diagnosed with was the most fitting and prevelant in her actions in the movie.

Niki Caros Whale Rider - An analysis in relation to journeys Essay Example for Free

Niki Caros whale Rider An analysis in relation to journeys EssayThe inner journey is one which involves the hurdling of psychological barriers, as wellspring as cultural and social obstructions, rather than just a physical trek. The novel Things Fall asunder (1958) by Chinua Achebe and the call for Whale Rider (2002) by Niki Caro two address the overcoming of emotional boundaries, while hobby the progress of the main characters. Issues such as cultural differences and gender equality are presented by the composers through with(predicate) the clever use of devices appropriate to the medium, while using the post-colonial context to accentuate these issues. mistakable to Things Fall Apart, the film Whale Rider by Niki Caro explores the breakdown of Maori culture in post-colonial New Zealand. It follows the journeys of Pai, a young girl, and Koro, her grandfather, who both seek to uphold and preserve the Maori tradition, which has been vetoly influenced by the European cu lture. During the film, Pai transforms from an unwanted child to the new colonization leader, while challenging the Maori customs through her curiosity, for example when she learns the sacred art of the taiaha. Koro, who disapproves of her actions, smashes a cup in his anger. Koros wife, Flowers, reprimands him, saying, You might be the boss out there, but Im the boss in this kitchen. Caro is addressing the gender barrier which exists in the Maori culture, an obstacle which Pai overcomes in her journey.Despite being reprimanded by Koro, Pai still retains great love for him, as seen in her speech on her ancestors, where she dedicates her words to Koro. The initial long shot places emphasis on Pai, while the tv camera is positioned at a low-angle, suggesting that she has gained authority and leadership. This scene symbolises one of the many emotional hurdles she has had to overcome in her inner journey. Moreover, her catharsis can be related to Okonkwos moments of compassion, then h ighlighting the similarity between their journeys.Similar to Okonkwo, Koro progresses on a journey, beginning at the height of power, with Caro using several symbols to signify this, such as the whale tooth. The use of sombre music and close-up shots of Koro in the scene where he loses the tooth emphasises his sorrow. In the following scene, Caroemploys ghastly lighting to highlight Koros melancholy, while he strokes the staff, symbolising that it is his last shred of authority. Pais voiceover informs the audience on Koros apology for help and indicates a shift in power and authority as Pai begins to assume her role as leader, But they werent listening, so I tried.Koros discovery of the whales allows him to undergo an epiphany and continue on his journey. Caro has positioned the event during the night, with its dark connotations enhancing the negative atmosphere of the scene. Furthermore, Koros staff is washed away, symbolising that he has lost all of his power. Koro later realise s the error of his ways and acknowledges Pai as their leader, Wise leader, forgive me. I am just a fledgling new to flight. Koros epiphany is thus one of the greatest differences between the two texts, as he is able to surpass the greatest obstacle in his journey and move forward, whereas Okonkwo is unable to change, leading to his death.Works CitedWhale Rider. Directed by Niki Caro (2003). FilmThe Whale Rider. Ihimaera, Witi (2003)

Motivational factors on the employee’s commitment Essay Example for Free

indigenceal factors on the employees commitment studyTodays organizations and companies want their enterprise to be some in the future, successful and sustainable avoiding the endangerment of performance or any negative effect. They consist of employees known as individualnel that turned into tender-hearted resources. Some of the major factors shaping the expiry argon the quality that you hold if employees be the right good deal how the manager could keep it up how they abide be motivated for good performance. Motivation is a inevitable tool for management or pointership providing a lawsuit to employees to perform in a trus iirthy way. In addition, the essay will include the academic background of motif theories as that of Herzberg, Maslow, Adams and Vroom. Setting goals is an crucial motivating process and has been the focus of recent research and theory on spend a penny motivation (Locke and Latham, 1990). Thus, examples would be provided for further and prac tical explanation of theories, as the cases of Starbucks, Freese and Nichols (FNI) and orchard apple trees iPhone. At the start of the 20th deoxycytidine monophosphate fundamental theories of motivation argon presented, models about what motivates sketchers and their responses. Several theories of motivation try to analyze and estimate who wants, what and why. This is the reason why the theories of Herzberg, Maslow, Adams and Vroom have implications on the contemporary business.First, the bigger portion of Herzberg is that he developed the motivation hygiene theory, which believes that thither be many factors that workers could be motived. Byhese factors generate satisfaction and dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg (1959) accomplishment, the work itself, responsibility, crop and recognition, and companion policies, workconditions, supervision including relations with peers and management, salary causing respectively the two unalike distinctions. propitiation and Dissatisfa ction portrait two different human ask driven by salary to purchase security and food and by actions leading to grow and attain (Herzberg, 1987). However, job satisfaction does not imply always-high level of cropivity or excellence of motivation response. Practicing in business, the challenge at work is to raise the usefulness of ability of employee leading to the growth of responsibility levels.Herzbergs Two Factor Theory and Maslows are the main theories of motivation. Continuing with Maslows model, Maslow classifies the human needs and try ons how the classifications are connected to each other. A person starts at the bottom level, where they try to satisfy basic needs (food and house). When the needs have been fulfilled, there are no longer a motiving force and the individual goes to the next stage. Moving on the rest pecking order we can recognize safety needs (loss or protection against unemployment), social needs (communication, teamwork), esteem needs (human to be acc epted and valued by others, respect from others) and self- effectiveization (how people think about themselves) (Maslow, 1954). If the management can find which level of need each employee expects, they can then decide corresponding rewards.Besides, one of the nigh relevant process theories of motivation is Adams Equity Theory. According to Adams, the theory argues the comparison of employees job commentary and outcome and also the same with that of other person at the same level (Mowday, 1991). Adam set inputs as characteristics (age, sex, education, social status) that guide individual to social exchange for an effort. Outcomes are specified as the benefits, the rewards or privileges (money, work duties, better status, power, authority). The employee is not moved to an action when there is a balance between inputs and outcomes, because they are already satisfied and equality exists. However, if the individual notices that the ratio of outcome/input is less than that of expected , then dissimilarity exists and motivation forces start to build up the lost equity. It should be noted that there are two main different ways to restore the equity. Either the individual might choose higher outcome based on their lower inputs, or reduce the inputs in relationto the same outcome (Adams, 1965). The actual purpose is the equality between input and outcome.Therefore, inequality could be when the employee is either over-rewarded or under-rewarded (Fok et al, 2000). It was initially proposed in the early 1960s the Expectancy Theory by Victor Vroom, which premises the significance of motivation. The theory tries to examine why individuals choose specific behavior or action. According to Vroom (1964), there are deuce-ace central components Expectancy (effort leading to a grouchy level of performance) Instrumentality (that performance will lead to outcomes) Valence (the value that the individual places on the outcome). Droar (2006) suggests that for a person to be motiva ted the key elements moldiness be linked. Otherwise, Porter and Lawler (1971) argue that Expectancy theory needs to be updated, because it includes some flaws. For example, an employer gives a reward, such as a promotion or financial bonus hence the employees will bonus their productivity to gain the reward. However, this besides works if the employees believe the reward is favorable to their actual needs. Apple is a company that can be used to exemplify the theory of Herzberg. Behind Apple and the design of products by employees is the psychological science of extrinsic and intrinsic characteristics driven by the question Will I enjoy using this product myself? .The extrinsic motivation is based on rewards for executives by giving them 3%-5% bonus of their salary. Next, all Apple employees receive discounts on products or they might receive free iPhone or iPad if they are on the growing team (Issaacson, 2011). This is more efficient than the increase of the salary as long as the y see in front of their eyes the results of the effort, but also it is cheaper for Apple. In addition, intrinsic motivation is driven by corporate culture. Employees are weightily committed to their job, as monotonous encoding that they enjoy it (Issaacson, 2011). The culture of Apple was forced by Steve Job. What motived him to follow his dream and his heart was the passion, creating innovative products based on enjoying using himself rather than to pay off profits to Apple. The core principles for this are Do something direct for your life Get better and better at something that matters There is no reason not to follow your instincts and your heart, nothing to lose (Awareness of his death) Understand that you live only once. Apple is a company that works and thinks outside the box helping people to change the ground (Gladwell,2011). Furthermore, Freese andNichols (FNI) is a practical example of expectancy theory. FNI is the first engineering/architecture firm to receive this honour.Employees are trained to improve quality in the work and seminars and FNI University training offered by the company. shapeers have the authority to work on their own. In 2010 FNI gained the Malcolm Baldrige National tone of voice Award. In addition, Starbucks Corporation, the most famous chain of coffee shops in the world, attracts customers for its quality and the good value for money while the prices are high. Beyond, the employees are also satisfied. Major motivational principle of king of coffee is the equity, meaning how fair the employees are treated by the employers during their work (Economist.com , 2009). For Starbucks employees are partners, not just employees, giving them valuable knowledge and training and providing them with rewards and benefits. Besides, Starbucks offer a creative and magnificent work place, as part of ethics program, where the company treats its partners with respect and prestige.Motivation theories should be examined in a deeper and macro level. Firms corporate operate and have subsidiaries in different countries, where there are different employees around the world with different cultures and values. It is complicated for an organization to motivate different cultures, for the reason why each has different temperament and the ranking of needs differs among cultures. The motivation to work differs across cultures and this could be illustrated the following example. In countries where there is high risk of economic failure the reward of success is low, like Greece, where there is an enthusiasm for work because the deep recession. Great enthusiasm for work could be found when high uncertainty of outcome have with positive reward (Triandis,1982).To conclude, according to the background theories, personal goals are contributing to the developing of human behavior. They are used by individuals to monitor, to modify and evaluate their behavior. Generally speaking, motivation can be preferential and discriminating aspect of particular behavior. It should be understood that motivation is important for the explanation of force toward a particular behavior or action. Vrooms expectancy theory also places emphasis on the richness of motivation in the explanation of why people choose a particular action or behavior. Managers responsibility is to inspire, empower, envision and motivate employees for the fulfillment of their needs based on the different culturalbackground.ReferencesAdams, J. (1963) Towards an rationality of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67 p.422-436. Adams, J. (1965) Inequity in social exchange . Advances in data-based Social Psychology, Academic Press. Droar, J. (2006) Expectancy theory of motivation.Economist.com (2009) Woke up, smelled the coffee. online Available at http//www.economist.com/node/14536977 Accessed 23rd October 2012 . Fok, L. et al. (2000) Human factors modify the acceptance of total quality management. International Journal of Quality and Reliabi lity Management, 17 (7), p.714-729. Freese and Nichols Website (2010) Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Report. online Available at http//www.freese.com/sites/default/files/Malcolm%20Baldrige%20Service%20Sheet.pdf. Gladwell, M. (2011) The Tweaker The Real Genius of Steve Jobs. New York. Herzberg, F. (1987) One more clock timeHow do you motivate employees. Harvard Business Review, 65 (5), p.109-120.Herzberg, F. et al. (1959) The Motivation of work. 2nd ed. Barbara B. Snyderman.Isaacson, W. (2011) Steve Jobs. New York Simon and Schuster. Locke, E. and Latham, G. (1990) A Theory of refinement Setting and Task Performance. Prentice Hall Englewood, NJ. Maslow, A. (1954) Motivation and personality. New York Harper and Row New York, p.91-93 , 256. Mowday, R. (1991) Motivation and work. New York McGraw-Hill. Porter, L. and Lawler, E. (1968) Managerial Attitudes and Performance. Homewood ILRichard D. Irwin Inc. Triandis, H. (1982) Cross-Cultural Management Conceptual Analyses. Intern ational Studies of Management and Organization, 12 (4). Vroom, V. (1964) Work and Motivation. New York John Wiley and Sons.

Since “The Big Twist” Essay Example for Free

Since The Big Twist EssaySince The Big Twist failure that killed multiple people, an investigation of the wheel and declaim deviations from the derailed machine has been motorcarried bug out in lay out to determine what course of action should be taken to prevent similar catastrophes from occurring. In order to achieve safety, the rails of the newly designed car were supposed to be composed of 4130 steel. A heat treatment process involving a water slop and tempering was also required to modify the rail to a desired balance between ductileness and callosity. The final Rockwell C-scale asperity was supposed to be 35-40.The failed rail was found to have a Rockwell C hardness of only 4. 8. In our own reference experiment, we were able to produce specimens similar to the failed specimen, with a Rockwell C hardness of 3. 7. Our similar sample was austenized and air cooled, which leads to the conclusion that the failed rail was not mashed or tempered at all, but merely anneal ed and left to cool. The resulting pearlite crystal structure of the material was soft and ductile, bending easily nether stress and causing the car to derail and plummet to the ground.Introduction A new curler coaster in Florida called The Big Twist killed four people when one of the cars separated from the track and fell to the ground one hundred twenty feet below. It was discovered that the outer left wheel assembly was bent more than 30 degrees from its normal just orientation due to twisting of the support beam that connected the wheels to the car. Our research was performed to discover why the rail was weak enough to bend. The characteristics of steel can be greatly modified by changing the stagecoach (or crystal structure).The first step in heat treating steel is the process of annealing and austenizing. When the steel is modify to a high enough temperature (annealing), carbon is dissolved into the coat solution (austenizing) by fitting into the interstitial vacancies i n the high temperature-induced face-centered cubic structure of iron (austenite). The succeeding(a) step in heat treating is to quench the steel in water or oil, quickly cooling the steel to room temperature in order to trap the carbon in the crystal structure (even at the reduced temperature).This new phase is called martensite, medium to the face-centered and body-centered cubic structures. The internal stress caused by the distorted crystal structure causes the metal to be exceedingly hard and brittle. Finally, the heat treating is completed by heating the material once again (tempering) to gain a balance between strength and ductility. During tempering, nucleation of cementite occurs along with a growth in grain size, both(prenominal) reducing internal stress and restoring ductility. The resulting metal can be both harder and stronger than it can be without treatment.Essentially, if the metal contains too much pearlite (it is only annealed or tempered too long or hot), it wil l be too ductile and soft to withstand the forces on the rail of the roller-coaster car, for example. Conversely, if the metal contains too much unannealed martensite (it is only annealed and quenched without a tempering), it will be extremely hard but utterly brittle. observational Procedures and Results Using seven samples of 4130 steel as references, it was possible to determine what was wrong with the received sample of roller coaster rail with comparative analysis.Seven reference specimens were placed in an austenitizing furnace at 844C for one hour. after(prenominal) austenitizing, six of the samples were immediately quenched in water at room temperature and four of them were placed in tempering furnaces at 205C, 370C, 482C, and 677C for one hour. The other two were left at room temperature. The samples were next sanded with abrasive paper to remove surface discoloration and tested for Rockwell C-scale hardness, with three tests each to be averaged. aft(prenominal) the har dness tests were completed, Charpy Impact Tests were performed on each specimen.A table of results can be seen below. Obviously the crashed car rail was not tempered correctly, if at all, since its properties are almost identical to the austenized, air-cooled sample of 4130 steel. Also, a crashed car rail specimen was prepared and examined low the microscope to study the microstructure. The preparation included cutting, hot mounting, techy and fine grinding, and polishing of the specimen. After the specimen was cut into two pieces of appropriate sizes, hot mounting was carried out using a press which molded a thermoplastic around the samples on three sides. rough out and fine grinding involved using a silicon carbide abrasive on a charge sander with 120, 240, 400, and 600 grit papers. Polishing was performed with rotating wheels covered by polishing cloths soaked in alumina slurrys (1mm, . 3? m, and . 05? m alumina respectively). Finally, the samples were chemically etched with n itric acid, one for 8 and one for 15 seconds. The samples were examined under a microscope at 400x, the images of which are shown below.

Qatar Petroleum Essay Example for Free

Qatar Petroleum EssayQatar Petroleum aims at maintaining eminent level of safety by trying to reach a zero level of sight and environmental harm. The go with uses Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) to maintain its daily operations. The methods helps them to save their documents in an organized format, retrieve them for future use ploughsh be and use them. They excessively have a police squad which holds regular surveys of the whole petroleum plant especi whollyy of the pipelines.A record of all their daily activities is unplowed using the EDMS system as mentioned above. A report on the organizations activities can be obtained from their website as rise up as a book written by P. Tuson Records of Qatar primary documents, 1820-1960 ed. P. Tuson. Archive edns, 1991. (8v) . Since each oil companionship poses numerous threats , benchmarks have been set to avoid them or reduce their occurance.Limitations have been set on their expansion, to share mproved ideas and i nformation , maintain an unbreachable security checks and register them regularly. Workers undergo regular physical check-ups and their protective suits are also regularly scrutinized for emission penetration. There are also regular checks held by the government to ensure all the safety activities are being followed regularly. Qatar Petroleum is however not free from threats. Any oil company , Qatar being the biggest is susceptible to terrorist attack as the destruction caused will be massive , eading to a high death rate and heavy financial losses.Avoiding intrusion will be difficult as these companies are located by the sea and remote areas. The attack can be on refineries, distribution system, naval transport , developmental and exploration sites. Oil companies pose their own threat too as any fault in the whole plant, being of the minutest nature, can lead to the same type of damage as would be caused by any terrorist attack.

The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Cuban Missile Crisis tasteThe Cuban Missile Crisis on October 14, 1962, marked one of the highpoints of the Kennedy administration. The s erectdal caused widespread panic and indignation to the American people due to the surrounding environmental factors brought ab out by the cold war. It revolved around the expression of Russian bases on Cuban soil and the staging of nuclear weapons from these said structures. One such photo of this event is the movie Thirteen Days which is a most ample goldmine of organisational communication theory beautifully recreated on the silver screen. The crisis is viewed from the eyes of one Kenny ODonnell, a Special Assistant to the President, who begs, barters and steals the selective information he needs to keep his friend and superior abreast of the volatile situation while non selling out his own ethics in the process. This film depicts an excellent display of organizational communication theory in one of the most important and influent ial social classs during a clip of trial and melancholy which brings out the best and worst in people.Organizational communications stems from the fact that large companies need to consecrate efficiently in assign to achieve the goals set out. For example, if a firm with 10,000 employees had to go to the president for distri scarceively of their issues with work, he or she would never be able to do the tasks set out on the foundation garment of the company. The presidents plate would always be full and it would keep piling up with the red-hot problems which spring up during operations. The key to solving this problem is delegation. The leader take downs people he can institutionalize to get the job done and specifies which fields to focus on. This paper will show examples as base on the movie Thirteen Days and will provide an example in todays modern setting.Communications can be defined as the meaningful interaction of people exchanging knowledge. dangerous communicatio ns in business is the flow of information from the lowest employee to the person with the highest position in order to achieve objectives and vice versa. The head can address the company as a whole further non all the information from each worker goes straight to the top separatewise there would be an information overload.Information conference techniques can be in the form of feedback or focused group discussions. The movie showed this as a U2 spy plane flying over Cuba taking reconnaissance photos as part of Americas regular monitoring of the region.In the film, when Russian rockets are discovered in Cuba, the information is sent up the pipeline because it was deemed important enough. If the intelligence was about how the Russian prime minister drank his tea or whether he lights a cigar the proper way, it would be filed under miscellaneous information which would be pulled up only when the need arose. The CIA analysts forwarded the pictures and interpretations to their sectio n chiefs who make the decision whether the buck stops with them or not who consequently forwards it to the Director of the CIA who makes the call if it should be sent up the chain of command. This signifies efficient leader-member exchanges.To name a effect, both cognitive and affective conflicts often come into play. Cognitive conflict focuses attention on assumptions that may underlie a particular issue and which are often ignored.1 It was done by Adlai Stevenson, embassador to the United Nations, when he voiced an option to the president which all of them as advisors were thinking but would not voice out since it would be political suicide. This type of conflict allows the decision makers to weigh all their options earlier coming to a decision. Affective conflict on the other hand deals with input which is detrimental to the settlement process. It lowers effectiveness with the input of distrust and controversy.The joint chiefs of the military acted as such towards the presi dent since he would not give per accusation to execute the action they deemed to be the only option. Even when the generals knew that the commander-in-chief would never agree with them, they tested to box him in by aggravating the situation. For example, they ordered a low level intelligence gathering mission which would attract an armed response from the Russians. JFK could not hinder them without a valid reason but he did work around them by getting in contact with the pi make do who was flying the mission and asking him to not do anything or report instances which would force America to a nuclear war.The contradiction to this crisis was that the US stationed Jupiter missiles in Turkey near the Soviet border. If this had not been done, they could have prevented the predicament they were in. There was overly a lot of bargaining going on from the president asking his advisors for other options to the ultimate solution which was the compromise reached by both superpowers to end the escalating conflict.In my opinion this movie is a goldmine of organizational communications reference. It concretely depicts what to do and what not to do when decisions need to be made during crunch time. It might not characterize every scenario but with a little stretch of the imagination, we can get and expound new ideas which we can utilize in our daily operations.We can learn a lot from this movie and apply it to any organization especially an engineering services firm. As an example allows use the solid waste disposal department and that the dump trucks did not come on time. The men loading the trucks or the foreman even notices this and decides to kick it to upper management since the whole timetable for the make was delayed. at present the manager has to decide where to get the trucks. He or she could either, call another company then penalize the contractors with the cost of hiring another firm plus damages and never work with them again or be lenient with the firm and just deduct the penalty from what was supposed to be paid out for the usage of the vehicles.Advisors are called in to weigh options before a decision can be made. Now if the trucks were delayed within an allowable amount of time, this information can be sent up the melt down depending on the foremans judgment. If it is still within his scope of responsibility, he can give a warning to the trucking company that tardiness would not be tolerated or send it to one of the managers advisors or his corresponding supervisor.The chain of command ideally should work this way to achieve goals but other factors come into play. In some cases the information does not go to the right person or secret code is being done. We may not have the perfect structure for organizational communications but we can strive and learn from past errors in order to make decisions which the organization can count every time.References1 http//www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/1650/htmlcognitiveconflict.html last checke d 08 March 2008

The Impact Of Intellectual Properties Protection Essay Example for Free

The Impact Of Intellectual Properties Protection EssaySome of the aims and objectives of the suffer include Determine the responsibility and functioning of the intellectual post domain in the IT and railway car industry.The air in which each type of Intellectual prudishty (IP) instrumentate could be applied in the bundle system package and automobile industry.The extent and level of protection various other intellectual property rights instruments (such as copyrights, database protection, IC protection, trade secrets, designs, trademarks, etc) that could be provided.The obstacles, hurdles, ideas, conceptions, etc, that could oppose the implementation of the various intellectual property instruments for protection in the software and automobile fields. The impact and scope patents and other intellectual property right instruments could fuddle in the IT and automobile industry.Determining the ways in which IP could act as a hindrance to the generatement of the software a nd the automobile fieldsTo push an inter-professional relationship that could exist surrounded by IP, management, technology and law.To equip the stakeholders in the proficient field about the way they could protect their applications or intelligence of their mind.To suggest potential ways in which the hindrance and monotony caused by IP could be removed in the software and the automobile industry.To promote healthy competition between organizations in the field of technology such that it would be a win-win state of affairs for them and for the humanity.The application of antitrust laws in the field of IP especially for patent nonuseTo determine the circumstances low which Procedures used to benefit the public (such as revocation of the patent and compulsory licensing) can be enforce (especially to ensure that a healthy competition exists in the market).Technology is improving each and e precise day. It is very important that IP is protected completely so that the owner reaps the fruits of the intellectual labor. Each intellectual property instrument (such as patent, copyright, trade secrets, designs, trademarks, database protection, chip protection, etc) tries to protect legitimate aspects of technology. For example patents try to protect the revolutionary aspect (such as inventions), whereas Semi-conductor protections tries to protect evolutionary aspects (as the development in semi-conductor technology is incremental in temper). To a certain extent the trademark and copyright laws flow automatically and several other IP instruments bear to compulsorily be registered. However, copyrights may not offer complete protection (it may also be difficult to apply copyrights to the field of software or the internet as websites and software is constantly updated). A certain amount of trade secret is lost whenever an employee quits a phoner.A companys intellectual property forms a very important resource. However, the company should be able to determine the nature of its resources and the manner in which it could be exploited. A company with a good IP strategy could befool a competitive edge in the industry to a certain extent and within change periods of time (depending on its competitiveness).It can be seen that a company having a single patent would have a distinct advantage in the market. The opponents of the company may begin to take up alternative strategies that may be ineffective in nature, consume a lot of time or build to be very costly. A company should conduct a SWOT analysis of its IP situation. blush small corporate are beginning to identify IP as an invaluable assets and are exploitation it to enable growth. The key to success of a company would be to manage it IP resources effectively (through proper identification, maintenance, evaluation, protection, sharing and utilization).In such a competitive age, could the IT and the automobile industry ignore IP and tie in laws? I do feel that this could be a very good r esearch question, and each and either aspect including past cases, benefits and limitations of each IP instrument and the manner in which a company could develop an effective IP strategy may be discussed. Even the potential ways in which the IP owner could misuse his/her laws could be suggested, so that dropsical competition or monotony is created in the market. In such circumstances, the law-makers need to bring about certain laws that would create a balance between public interest and the owner of the IP.A company can possess various IPs and in different fields. The IP may be a technology which is new and revolutionary or a slight modification of evolution of current technology. Some of the IPs that a company could possess include patents, copyrights, database protection, designs protection, trademarks, IC protection, trade secrets, etc. A company can protect its IP in several ways-Use the trade-secret mechanism to protect its IP (in this way the company would just be protecting its property and not be using it to gain extensive profits). distinguish its IP to the appropriate statutory authorities and obtain relevant IP registrations.Protect its IP through contractual means (e.g. licensing of a software) The contract for use may be for a certain periods of time or may be restricted for use within a certain geographical area.Contents Table of Cases-Table of StatuesI.e. 1.Chapter one Literature Review1.1. Introduction to intellectual property1.1.1. What is inventions and whats not?1.1.2. Protecting inventions1.2. Forms of intellectual properties protection1.3. Cost of the protection, durability, and its effectiveness1.4. Confidentiality1. Chapter two Need to Protect IP in the software and the automobile industry2.1.1. Secrecy and confidentiality2.1.2. Need to reward the owner for helping develop and realize technology for the benefit of the society2.1.3. Creating a health business environment in the Market2.1.4. habitual Benefit (duty of the patent owner to make known new and useful technology for the benefit of the public i.e. to work the invention, and not to wrongfully suppress or hide the technology from the public after obtaining a patent from the patent office), Relevant cases Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co. Pfizer V. establishment of India 434 US 308 (1978) Remington Products V. North American Philips corporation Image Technical Services V. Eastman Kodak Co. 504 U.S. 451 (1992) Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc. v. Michelson case, etc.3.1. Chapter three slipway in which the different IP instruments could be implemented and the level of protection provided by each instrument3.1.1. Patents3.1.2. Copyrights3.1.2.1. Database protection3.1.4. Trademarks3.1.5. Trade secrets3.1.6. IC protection3.1.7. A combination of these4.1. Chapter four Business Competition and IP4.1.1. Instances in which IP has created a healthy competition in the Market4.1.2. Instances in which IP has created an unhealthy competition in the Ma rket4.1.3. elbow room in which IP has helped to develop technology further4.1.4. Manner in which IP is acting as a hindrance to the development of technologyCase Studies IBM (they soon hold the most number of patents in the US) http//www.ibm.com/ibm/governmentalprograms/ippatent.htmlresources Microsoft http//www.microsoft.com/about/legal/intellectualproperty/default.mspx Dell5.1. Chapter five Problems concerning the Use of IP5.1. 1 Public Interest5.1.2. Unhealthy competition5.2. Ways in which the problems could be solved6.1. Chapter cardinal IP Processes in a Company6.1.1. IP Policy6.1.2. IP Resources at the Company6.1.3. mean and Strategizing6.1.4. Monitoring and Evaluation6.1.5. SWOT analysis6.2. Problems-solving6.2.1. Infringement Situations or Issues Concerning IP Sega Enterprises V. Richards Apple Computers V. Computer Edge, IBcos V. Barclay, lotus V. Lotus V. Paperback, Lotus V. Borland, Whelan V. Jaslow, Computer Associates V. Altai (1992), John Richardson V. Flanders (1993), Gottschalk V. Benson (1972), Parker V. Flock (1978), in re Abele (1982), Canter Fitzgerald V. customs duty (UK), Lab Corp v Metabolite, in re Walter (1980), in re Freeman (1978), Microsoft Clipboard Application (2006), Arryhythmia ReascarheV. Corazonix (1992), Re Alapatt (1994), Softman v. Adobe, Koch and Sterzelix-ray apparatus (1988), VICOM Application (1987), Fujistus Application (1997), MAI V. Peak Computers, State Bank V. Signature Financial (1998), ATT V. Excell Comm. (1999), amazon V. Barnes and noble.com (1999), Mark and Spencer V. One in a Million (1998), Tata Tea V. Gem Lifts (D2000-1823), Novell V. CPU, IBM Text processing Appication (1989), Geodynamik artifice (2002),7.1. Conclusion7.1.1. The Future of IP in the software and automobile industry7.1.2. The unanswered questions-BibliographyReferencesCalton, J. 2001, Dissolving the digital Dilemma metatheory and intellectual property, Human Systems Management, vol. 20, pp. 19-23.Edward Lowe Foundation 2003, How t o Gain a Competitive Edge, Online, Available http//www.lowe.org/index.elf? pageboy=ssercstoryid=8869function=story, Accessed 2007, may 17.Kurth, A. 2005, Software/Electrical Lawyers, Online, Available http//www.andrews-kurth.com/Page.aspx?BD_ID=5555, Accessed 2007, May 17.Maheswari, U. 2002, Implications of Biotechnology on Patents and Food Security, Online, Available http//www.altlawforum.org/Resources/lexlib/biotech, Accessed 2007, May 17.NSW 2007, Intellectual Property (IP), Online, Available http//www.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/smallbusiness/Technology+in+Business/Intellectual+Property/, Accessed 2007, May 17.Ramakrishna, T. 2005, primary principles and Acquisition of Intellectual Property Rights, NLSIU, Bangalore.Ramakrishna, T. 2005, discipline Technology Related Intellectual Property Rights, NLSIU, Bangalore.USPTO 2005, General Information Concerning Patents, Online, Available http//www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/novelty, Accessed 2007, May 17.WIPO 2007, What is Intell ectual Property?, Online, Available http//www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/index.html, Accessed 2007, May 17.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Essay Example for Free

Artificial Intelligence and motorcar Learning EssayArtificial learning (AI) results to simulation of intellectual practice such as comprehension, rationalization and learning symbolic information in context. In AI, the automation or programming of all aspects of human cognition is considered from its foundations in cognitive acquisition through approaches to symbolic and sub-symbolic AI, natural language processing, calculating machine vision, and evolutionary or adaptive systems. (Neumann n. d.)AI considered be an extremely intricate domain of problems which during preliminary stages in the problem-solving phase of this nature, the problem itself may be viewed poorly. A precise picture of the problem usher out only be seen upon interactive and incremental refinement of course, subsequently you have taken the initial attempt to solve the mystery. AI always comes fade in hand with machine logistics. How else could mind act appropriately but with the body. In this case, a machine takes the part of the body. In a bit, this literature will be tackling about AI implemented through neural Ne iirk.The source deems it essential though to tackle Machine learning and thus the succeeding para interprets. Machine Learning is originally concerned with designing and developing algorithms and procedures that allow machines to learn either inductive or deductive, which, in general, is its two types. At this point, we will be referring to machines as computers since in the world nowadays, the latter ar the most astray used for control. Hence, we now hone our definition of Machine Learning as the study of methods for programming computers to learn.Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. (Dietterich n. d. ) Machine learning techniques are grouped into different categories basing on the pass judgment outcome. Common types include Supervised, Unsup ervised, Semi-supervised or Reinforcement learning. There is also the Transduction method and the Learning to learn scheme. A section of theoretical computer science, Computational Learning Theory is the investigation on the computation of algorithms of Machine Learning including its efficiency.Researches on Machine Learning focuses mainly on the automatic extraction of information data, through computational and statistical methods. It is really much correlated non only to theoretical computer science as head as data mining and statistics. Supervised learning is the simplest learning task. It is an algorithm to which it is ruled by a social occasion that automatically plots inputs to expected outputs. The task of supervised learning is to construct a classifier given a tick off of classified training examples (Dietterich n. d.).The main challenge for supervised learning is that of generalization that a machine is expected in approximating the conduct that a mesh will exhibit which maps out a connection towards a number of classes through comparison of IO samples of the said function. When many plot-vector pairs are interrelated, a decision tree is derived which acquired immune deficiency syndrome into viewing how the machine behaves with the function it currently holds. One advantage of decision trees is that, if they are not as well as large, they back end be interpreted by humans.This can be useful both for gaining insight into the data and also for validating the reasonableness of the learned tree (Dietterich n. d. ). In unsupervised learning, manual matching of inputs is not utilized. Though, it is most often distinguished as supervised learning and it is one with an unknown output. This makes it actually unattackable to decide what counts as success and suggests that the central problem is to find a suitable objective function that can replace the goal of agreeing with the teacher (Hinton Sejnowski 1999). Simple classic examples of unsupervis ed learning include cluster and dimensionality reduction.(Ghahramani 2004) Semi-supervised learning entails learning situations where is an ample number of labelled data as compared to the unlabelled data. These are very natural situations, especially in domains where collecting data can be cheap (i. e. the internet) but labelling can be very expensive/time consuming. Many of the approaches to this problem attempt to infer a manifold, graph structure, or tree-structure from the unlabelled data and use spread in this structure to determine how labels will interpolate to new unlabelled points.(Ghahramani 2004) Transduction is comparable to supervised learning in predicting new results with training inputs and outputs, as well as, test inputs accessible during teaching, as basis, instead of behaving in accordance to some function. All these various types of Machine-Learning techniques can be used to fully implement Artificial Intelligence for a robust Cross-Language translation. One affaire though, this literature is yet to discuss the planned process of machine learning this research shall employ, and that is by Neural Networks.

Office of Human Resources Essay Example for Free

Office of pitying Resources EssayI am writing in response to your opening of an Administrative Support adjuvant at the Northampton Campus. My professional experience with administrative duties and customer service would make me a good medical prognosis for this positionI am capable of handling a variety of services and functions from proficient knowledge of Word, Excel and Power Point to problem solving and customer service resolutions. In me, you will retrieve a reliable, detail oriented and hardworking professional associate.Id like the opportunity to circulate you more about my work experience and how my skill set could contribute to the successful day-to-day running play of your operation.

Ancient History Essay Example for Free

Ancient History EssayNew research has immensely impacted on our perceptiveness of daily life in both Pompeii and Herculaneum. Experts in archaeology, science and otherwise fields have revealed copious amounts of information about people, constructs and food found in the two cities prior to the eruption in 62 AD. Experts such as Estelle Lazer and Sarah Bisel have assisted in heightening our intellectual of the daily life in Pompeii and Herculaneum. From 1986 Estelle Lazer worked on a sample of over 300 individuals who were represented by a collection of disarticulated tog up. The techniques of forensic medicine and physical anthropology were used to determine sex, age-at-death, height, signs of disease and population affinities of the victims. The results indicated that about equal numbers of males and females from all age groups did not manage to escape the town before it was destroyed. Sarah Bisel worked with the bone analysis of the skeletons of Herculaneum to determine and study the lifestyle differences between the social classes present within Herculaneum.She notice some(prenominal) things about the people of Herculaneum such as the town was a genetically diverse society, children were often malnourished due to the lack of calcium in their teeth and the bodies had high levels of lead. This brand-new information has majorly effected and broadened our understanding of daily life in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The evidence of food in the two towns and the study of these by experts such as Wilhelmina Jashemski and the team of principal researchers known as the Pompeii Food and Drink Project, further develop our acquaintance of daily life in these famous towns of Campania.Jashemskis project had the purpose of studying animal and plant body in order to gain an understanding of the kinds of gardens in and around Pompeii as well as meeting place information on the wine and oil industries of the area. By examining soil contours and carbonised plant carcass, archaeologists have gained a to a greater extent accurate picture of produce and ornamental gardens in Pompeii. The purpose of the Pompeii Food and Drink Project was to crumble the patterns of daily life in a non-invasive way to study the structures that are associated with food and drink.The Project has equanimous some ancient artefacts and information, and answered many questions about the food and drink storage, distribution, preparation, serving, and consumption in Ancient Pompeii. every(prenominal) these sources combine to give us a more acute knowledge of the ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The buildings found in Pompeii and Herculaneum provide extensive information about the lifestyle of people living there. The House of Pompeii Project, started in 1977, had the digest of investigating and salvaging buildings which had been excavated in previous years but had not necessarily been recorded.The two houses that were particularly canvass was the House of the Ancient Hunt and the House of the Coloured Capitals. The Project has not uncovered any new information, only recorded findings on certain housing which were either not properly recorded or completely ignored. The Insula of Menander Project had much the same aim as the House of Pompeii Project, in that they were redressing the deficiencies in foregoing records. Their main focus, though, was the insula conducted under Amedeo Maiuri.The Project provided a detailed history of the insula showing that there had been frequent building changes over time and that there appeared to be a late appearance of shops and the addition of upper storeys in the last years of the city. The Pompeian Forum Projects main objective was to produce more accurate plans of surviving remains by the use of architectural analysis to widen the understanding of contemporary urban problems.The traditional take care that the Forum was a builders yard after the 62 AD earthquake was disproved. there was also evi dence found of a comprehensive earthquake plan for the Eastern side of the Forum. In Source A we can see how new research has amplified our knowledge of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Through research by Italys National Institute of Optics, it has been discovered that the famous Pompeian red was a colour created from the mixture of yellow key and the gases from Vesuvius.In conclusion, the impacts of new research and technologies have considerably expatiated our enlightenment of the daily life in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The many sources uncovered and analysed from these towns have been much more useful as a result of developing engineering science and research. In the years to come, technology will continue to develop, along with more information being discovered and this will result in more and more information being provided about the famous ancient towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Behaviourist Learning Theory Directed Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

Behaviourist Learning scheme Directed Nursing Practice Nursing EssayAccording to professional standards of the College of Nursing of Ontario, the leading hope is non limited to nurses who atomic number 18 in formal loss leaders positions all nurses, no matter of what large-minded the positions they be, down obligation to demonstrate leading. Leadership requires experience to understand not only our own beliefs, determine and behaviour affecting others, but alike others beliefs, and set to build respect, trust, and integrity in a soundness c are squad. This course requires scholarly persons learn a theoretical textile to guide developing a acquisition plan, and therefore applying the theory to a practice jut out for the purpose of expanding their perspective of nurse practice as an independent thinkers in the organic lawal or spheric level of hospital or community setting. My cypher report leave behind review and prove how behaviourist tuition theory (BLT ) directs my teaching activities in clinical practice as an independent thinker to prepare my self in optimizing my approaching care for practice. It includes twain comp superstarnts intimacy and application. The familiarity component go forth involve reviewing and comparing relevant depicted object close to the coefficient of correlation among the extensions of nursing workforce and plectron of leading dah from five recent scholarly articles, identifying their strength and limitation, as well as guiding my nursing practice to achieve my learnedness goals. The application component includes how the acquired knowledge was utilized to guide my critical thinking abut for figuring out the true veritableity of correlation in on the job(p) setting amidst the generations of nursing workforce and choice of leadership mode, as well as the challenges I have experienced.Knowledge ComponentBLT views nurture as the product of the stimulative conditions and the response it s focus is mainly on what is directly observable. Behaviourist may closely defend responses and then manipulate the environment to triage much desired stimulant to bring the intended change (Bastable, 2008, p. 54). That is the inspiration I choose the stimulant conditions different choice of leadership style from different generation of nursing workforces in my questionnaire see excogitate, and the response my nurture exit from the cypher, as the core concept from BLT as lit research topic to acquire related knowledge and apply it to my project to the highest degree the correlation amidst generational diversity and choice of leadership in my clinical placement setting.Literature Review / quintuplet Relevant scholarly ArticlesIn her article, Hahn (2009) clearly realized todays earthly concern is that nursing workforce is do up of multigenerational faculty. Nursing managers and their team members might hold different attitudes, beliefs, work ethics, and job expectancy s. The generation gap step-ups and creates more opportunities for misunderstanding and conflict. For both leaders and team members, the understanding generational differences would benefit in creating strength and prospect or a source of stifling stress and conflict. How to deal with the challenge from the multigenerational diversity and develop a highly functioning and cohesive nursing team are current focuses for the nurse manager to be an efficient leader. Although Hahn did not directly explain which leadership style would fit current workforce situation, the suggested strategies in her article for managers to effectively manage a multigenerational team indicate the transformational leadership to be the choice as an effective leader. Her argument was supported by previous researches through with(p) by Ulrich (2001), Zemke, Raines and Filipczak (2001).According to the research done by Cummings, MacGregor, Davey, Lee, Wong and Lo, et al (2010), some forms of leadership might be possible to lead to negative outcomes. They made their research from 10 electronic databases that include 53 published quantitative studies, then used content abbreviation to analyze these studies 64 outcomes emerged from their analysis were classified into five categories (1) work environment factors, (2) productivity and potency, (3) round relationships with work, (4) ply rapture with work, role and pay, and (5) staff health and wellbeing. Their research build the leadership styles that focused on people and relationships, such as transformational, resonant, supportive, and consideration, were reported in 24 studies, which were associated with higher nurse job satisfaction whereas the leadership styles that focused on tasks, such as dissonant, instrumental and management by exception, were reported in 10 studies, which were associated with lower nurse job satisfaction. Therefore, they reason that the leadership that focused on task apogee alone is not sufficient to achieve optimum outcomes for the nursing workforce transformational and relational leadership are motiveed to enhance nurse satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and healthy work environments, particularly in this current multigenerational workforce.Differently, Stanley (2008, 2010) argued that congruent leadership testament be the one that can facilitate greater effectiveness when relations with generational issues. Because this progression of leadership rests on the leaders set and beliefs that are demonstrated on leaders role modelling of their personal nursing / health like or organizational values the actions of this leadership style are matched (or are congruent) with followers values and beliefs when dealing with multigenerational employees. Followers who have the same or similar values will support and follow these leaders because of their own values alignment. While realizing the difference of values and beliefs that are truly existed surrounded by the generational groups, Stanley emphasized that leaders core nursing / health care values are likely to offer significant common ground for this leadership approach to ensure it will be employed successfully. Kowalski, Bradley and Pappas research (2006) seems to be in a supportive position to Stanleys argument.In her article, from the cogency and positive outcome of management in a health care organization, Robbins and Davidhizar (2007) articulated there is a direct link between leadership style and staff retention, satisfaction and enduring satisfaction. Currently, the changing faces in health care workforces pushes the management of nursing on the edge of the change in management dodge using effective and appropriate leadership to prompt greater success in gaining and maintaining staff satisfaction, staff retention, and then, in long run, improving patient satisfaction. Staff retention and satisfaction are the driving forces for achieving the patient satisfaction. Comparing with transactional leadersh ip in leadership system, mission and vision, communication, relationship-building, they argued that transformational leadership is more effective in gaining and maintaining staff satisfaction, retention, and patient satisfaction in health care organizations. Poor leadership on a nursing unit leads to unhappy, unmotivated, and less dedicated staff. The underlying fundamental is that a transformational leader has the ability to effectively evanesce the vision, mission, and empower nursing staff, which in turn build and promotes a healthy functional environment for the unblemished team.Generally, Arsenault (2004) realized that todays workforce is more diverse than ever. There are many diverse issues. One of them is generational differences, which is created by a shared collective field of emotions, attitudes, preferences, and dispositions. Relatively, the differences in the uncommon attitudes, values, and beliefs of for each one generation determines how each generation views lea dership, and ranks look up to leadership characteristics, which correlates to their choice in leadership style and favourite leaders. He concluded that generational differences are a legitimate diversity issue that must be recognized and understood by organizations and needs to be addressed in developing current and future leaders. The leaders of organizations need to recognize and understand that a unique persona, which is developed from generational difference and already translated into a mentality that demonstrated in different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. Accordingly, this mind-set creates differences in leadership style how a person of a generation will lead or how they prefer to be led.In summary, five researches reached the common port, that is, the generational diversity is a current issue in workforce that organization and leaders must recognize and understand in conceptioning effective and productive l eadership strategy and style in creating a healthy working environment. However, for what is the correlation between generations and choice of leadership style, Stanley (2008, 2010)s articles reached his unique port it argued the congruent leadership will be the one that can facilitate greater effectiveness when dealing with generational issues. The research done Cummings, MacGregor, Davey, Lee, Wong and Lo, et al (2010) clearly reached the conclusion that transformational and relational leadership styles will enhance nurse satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and healthy work environments in todays multigenerational workforce because their research was based on grand search of related database, so their conclusion derived from the evidence-based literature review is highly credential and statistically significant. Also, Hahn (2009) and Robbins and Davidhizar (2007) mostly articulated the nursing leaders should take transformational leadership as the core concept of their managem ent, but their articles do not show strong evidence to support their argument. Arsenaults article emphasized the generational diversity of workforces and its wedge on leadership, but he actually did not figure out which leadership could be the effective in current working environment.Summary of Behaviourist Learning Theory (BLT)According to Bastables book (2008, p.54-55), whether dealing with animals or people, BLT views the learning process as a relatively simple chain or cycle the focus of BLT is mainly on the phenomenon that is directly observable arousal conditions and the associations formed in the learning process the learning process is understood as the product of the stimulus from the environment and the responses. In order to enhance the learning process leading to the desired result, behaviourists or learners can closely observe and manipulate the environment by utilizing operant conditioning techniques of positive or negative reinforcement (Skinner, 1974, 1989) to incr ease or decrease the stimulus, thus, to reinforce or decrease the responses to bring about the intended change.Plan of executingBased on my learning goal (see appendix A), I applied the acquired knowledge of BLT to my learning process through a field of study project about the generational difference in the perceptive response in their admiring leadership style based on their different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, working ethics, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. Each answer to the survey questionnaire is one of the stimuli for my learning process. What I learned form the project is the response of the learning process. I designed a survey questionnaire (see appendix B) about the correlation between generational difference and choice of leadership styles, randomly distributed to 55 staff in ii medical specialty units of two hospitals, and 53 responses has been collected the statistically valid representative sampling size is 96.36%. Statistical an alysis on the response has been done (Table 1). Poster presentation (Appendix C) has been presented in my clinical placement unit for feedback. finish ComponentThe Rationale of Choosing Behaviourist Learning Theory (BLT)BLT suggests the learning process is the product of the stimulus from the environment and the responses to the stimulus it views the learning process as a reoccurring chain or cycle between stimulus and response through operant conditioning techniques of positively or negatively enhancing stimulus. Learning will occur while the stimulus is positively or negatively enhanced. Such a theoretic framework can be applied to health tenet process (Bastable, 2008, p. 54-60). The designation for students project from the course blueprint is about the learning from the project about a nursing issue in a global or organizational level of a hospital or community setting. Based on the acquired knowledge from BLT, my intention of my project design is to view the responses from th e survey as stimulus for my learning about the choice on leadership style in a health care team staff would be either as a leader or a team member. Each response is one of the stimuli for my learning. More choice selectively occurred on one particular leadership style will rick an enhanced stimulus for my learning that will give me the idea of which leadership is most admired in current health care team. In my future career, I would work as either a team member or a team leader I have to prepare my self to be knowledgeable for these two roles. I am trying to apply BLT to my self teaching and self learning process. Actually, teaching and learning are the two phases of one process.Summary of the Process confused in Applying BLTFrom the literature review, the generational difference in the perceptive response in their admiring leadership style based on their different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, working ethics, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting was fo und (Stanley, 2008, 2010 Arsenault, 2004 Weston, 2006 Kramer, 2010 Swearingen Liberman, 2004 Robbins and Davidhizar, 2007 Hahn, 2009 Cummings, MacGregor, Davey, Lee, Wong and Lo, et al, 2010). Based on this finding, my project designed a survey questionnaire to ask two questions (1) what is your generation? (2) transactional or transformational leader which one you would like to be or prefer? The answers to these two questions will give me two kinds of information what is the content of current workforces and what kind of leadership style is admired more in the working setting. The answer for each respondent could be viewed as one of the stimuli for my response my learning result for my future choice of leadership in future career.55 copies of questioner were randomly distributed to health care team of two medicine units of two hospitals, including nurses, social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, manager, nursing educators, and unit supervisors / coordinators, clinical instructor, and nursing students. 53 copies of responses have been collected. Data has been coded and statistically analysed. The percentage of each generation in the health care teams, and the percentage of selecting transactional or transformational leader from each generation, and from the total sampling were calculated. The finding demonstrates the transformational leadership style is admired most in current working setting. This finding has been supported from the literature review of this report above. tidings of how Gained Knowledge was Integrated into Learning ProcessThe major components of stimulus and response of BLT were used in my learning process. Before my project survey, I had qualitative idea about the generational difference in beliefs, values, employment expectation, working ethics and orientation, but no quantitative idea about such difference, and no idea about how much their difference was in choosing working sett leadership style. Thro ugh the survey, I get the idea about how much each generation constitutes the content of health care workforce in these two units Veterans are retired, Baby Boomers is 19%, genesis X is 53%, and contemporaries Y is 28% the generation X and Y already constitutes 81% of the workforces. Among 10 answers from Baby Boomers, 2 answers chose transactional leader (20% of the generation), 8 answers chose transformational leader (80% of the generation) among 28 answers from Generation X, 4 answers chose transactional leader (14.3% of the generation), 24 answers chose transformational leader (85.7% of the generation) among 15 answers from Generation Y, 1 answer chose transactional leader (6.7% of the generation), 14 answers chose transformational leader (93.3% of the generation). Among the total samplings, 86.8% of answers chose transformational leader, only 13.2% of answer chose transactional leader. The finding also shows a trend of the major choices from each generation on the leadership style from Baby Boomers to Generation Y, the percentage of the responses decreases in choosing transactional leader, and percentage increases in choosing transformational leader. It clearly demonstrates the significant difference between generations in admiring leadership style based on their different emotions, attitudes, beliefs, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. The information analysed and concluded from the survey is the wanted stimulus for my learning it gives me the idea which leadership style could be effective and productive in a health care working environment. The binary kinds of information obtained from the survey like the enhanced stimulus positively manipulated by behaviourist to strengthen my response in advocating transformational leadership as the style I will choose to be my favourite one in working environment.Challenge Encountered and Related troubleBecause my project about learning process involves the questioner survey, the challenge comes from the design and implementation of the survey process.The firstly challenge is the survey of this project is not a formal and academic survey. It is an anonymous mock survey. It does not involve in any interesting conflict and retain any private information about responders name, exact age, and gender, etc. Its purpose is limited to get the true information about the leadership style choice from different generation in the real working setting for my personal clinical learning process. So, it was not submitted to university ethics committee to seek pre-approval. The management strategy is anonymous survey and keeping the survey result within the learning process of this course.The second challenge is the design of the questioner survey. As a student project, there is no funding for rewarding the participants. Staff are busying with daily assignment and dont have spare time and compassion to answer too complicated questioner. The management strategy is to simplify the quest ionnaire design as much as possible, but it is still remained in detail abounding to collect enough information to meet my learning goal.The third challenge is the limitation of sampling size. As a student project, it is impossible to have adequate time and financial resource to take survey in quadruplicate units of multiple health care facilities. The management strategy is to utilize the chance of my working unit at another hospital and clinical placement unit at St. Michaels hospital to take my survey so that the sampling process will be more statistically valid and the finding will be more statistically representative from the limited sampling size.Outcome of the Project and EvaluationThe outcome of the project is the finding of my survey truly demonstrates the generational difference in choosing leadership style in real working environment, which is supported from the literature review. The outcome of the project also reached my learning goal of this project it uncovers the r eality of generational difference in choosing leadership style and future trend in real working environment and the finding is strong enough as enhanced stimulus to my response in my learning process based on BLT.Evaluation Criteria of Self-Evaluation of Learning Plan and Planning ChangeIn my learning plan, the criterion of self-evaluation for knowledge component was set up as able to select a special theoretical model of leadership style based on current nursing environment. To better reflecting the learning experience from the project, I will modify it as able to select related scholarly way out and a particular theoretical framework of leadership style based on current nursing working environment for literature review to acquire knowledge in guiding my learning process and practice project.For application component, the criterion of self-evaluation was set up as able to develop questionnaires of assessing staff nurses values, beliefs and expectation on their choice of leadershi p style. To better reflecting the learning experience from the project, I will modify it as (1) able to develop questionnaires of assessing staff nurses values, beliefs and expectation on their choice of leadership style and (2) able to analyze the survey result and figure out the significant finding.Personal Growth and DevelopmentBefore this clinical placement, I did have general idea about the generational difference in emotions, attitudes, beliefs, values, preferences, and embodied activities in working setting. However, I did not have clear idea about the generational difference in choosing leadership style in real working environment. Through applying BLT to assess staffs values, beliefs, expectation, attitude about the employment and work-life quality, and expectation of each generation on their choice of leadership style within the multiple generational cohorts, I found (1) current health care workforces is a three generation cohort, not a four generation cohort that was arti culated in most of previous literatures, because Veteran generation is retired already (2) from Baby Boomers to generation X and Y, the percentage of staff who choose transactional leadership style is linearly decreasing, the percentage of staff who choose transformational leadership style is linearly increasing (3) presently, generation X is the majority in health care workforce, and generation Y is in the second place in these two generations, the percentage of staff who chose transformational leadership style is 86% and 93%, which releases a clear information that transformational leadership style will work better for them. Totally, the outcome of the project tells me that in my future career, either as a team member or a team leader, transformational leadership was the style I should choose to work comparatively in a team or lead a team effectively. purposeAccording to the learning objective and teaching strategy of this course, a learning plan and practice project plan were de veloped based on the chosen theoretic framework. The project of survey was implemented in two medicine units of two hospitals. The survey result was statistically analysed and poster presentation was presented in the clinical placement unit. This report summarizes the acquired knowledge through the reviewing of five scholarly articles and the chosen theoretic framework, discussed the rationale on theoretic framework choosing, and the major concepts of BLT stimulus and response, which have been applied in my learning process. Also, the outcome of the project, experienced challenges, possible personal growth and development obtained from the project are discussed.